Semester Exam Flashcards
(111 cards)
The White Man’s Burden
A poem written by Rudyard Kipling
it conveyed the idea that Europeans have a duty/responsibility to help uncivilized nations
Industrialization of ambitions in European Nations:
- Industrialization stirred ambitions
the Europeans wanted more resources to fuel industrial productivity - They competed for new markets for their goods
- They looked to africa for raw materials and as a market
- Colonial powers seized vast areas of Africa during the 19th and early 20th centuries
Shaka Zulu
Zulu time period: 1700-1800 (before scramble).
Shaka Zulu was the chief who used disciplined warriors and good organization to create a centralized state. His successors were unable to keep the kingdom together against Europe.
Cetshwayo refused to accept British rule so they invaded. The Zulus lost the Battle of Ulundi and their kingdom fell to GB in 1887.
Reasons for countries colonizing and not colonizing:
Some countries colonized because they felt they were superior and had to take care of other nations. It was also really easy to colonize because of new technological advances, communication, transportation, and weapons. However, European travel to the interior on a large scale basis was virtually impossible. They could not navigate African Rivers. Steam-powered riverboats in the 1800s allowed Europeans to go inwards in Africa. Diseases discouraged European exploration. Africans controlled their own trade networks and provided the trade items. Natural resources were in short supply in Europe. No European power wanted to be left behind.
Rudyard Kipling
the author of the Poem, White Man’s Burden
Eli Whitney
the cotton gin guy
Characteristics of imperialism:
a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically for economic gain
primogeniture
the right by law or custom of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent’s entire or main estate
Boxer Rebellion
Boxers were a Chinese group that arose in rebellion in an attempt to drive out all foreigners from China. They belonged to the secret society called the Righteous and Harmonious Fists. Hundreds of foreigners were killed, and the Chinese government secretly supported the Boxers. They were crushed by an international police force. It encouraged Chinese nationalism.
Robber Barons:
A person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices
1) Andrew Carnegie: steel guy who gave away 350 mill
2) John D. Rockefeller: standard oil company - worth 900 million even when automobiles weren’t a thing
3) Cornelius Vanderbilt: railroads, strike instilled in West Virginia
Europe in 1900 (conditions)
The first decades of the 20th century saw a sea change in European politics and culture, while two world wars altered the shape of the continent
Market economy
an economic system in which production and prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses
Social Darwinism
people are subject to the same Darwinian laws as plants. The idea of natural selection was used to justify racism and the scramble for Africa
Spanish-American War
The US joined Cuba in their war against Spain for independence. The US takes the Philippines from Spain. The Spanish attack Cuba, but the Spanish defense collapses. In 1901, Cuba was declared independent, but the US instills military forces that the Cubans hate. The war went to the Caribbean. The Rough Riders, under the leadership of Theodore Roosevelt, dought in the Battle of San Juan Hill. They won and Roosevelt gained popularity. The war was ended by the Treaty of Paris.
Laissez-Faire
the government should stay out of businesses so the economy can grow
Woodrow Wilson
Democrat: wins election by saying he kept the US out of war.
declares war on germany: said the world must be safe for democracy
14 points guy
Wilhelm II:
The triple alliance under him was offensive instead of defensive when it was under Bismarck
He abdicated the German throne and was replaced by the Weimar Republic
Treaty of Versailles:
June 28, 1919
The War Guilt Clause blamed Austria and Germany for WWI. it forced them to decrease the size of their military to 100,000 men. France gained Alsace-Lorraine, Syria, and Lebanon. Britain gained Palestine, Iraq, and Jordan. Germany hated the treaty, but they were forced to sign it. The Germans were humiliated and thought they were punished unfairly. The damage done during WWI is unprecedented. 10 million people died, Civil liberties pulled apart, progress came to a halt, the economy crashed down and society changed
Russian Revolution + Results
Russia was a disaster before the war started. War highlighted the shortcomings of Russia. Russia wasn’t technologically or militarily strong enough to fight; they had plenty of soldiers but not enough weapons.They were unprepared. Russian military general were no bueno. The Czar takes personal control of the Russian Army even though he garbage. He killed 2 million Russian soldiers. 8 million total casualties. By 1977, Russia’s will to fight was gone. The Czar let his wife, Alexandria, rule pretty much. She gave the power to Rasputin. Her heir, Alexei had hemophilia (necrophilia) Rasputin was a Peasant healer and healed him. He gave the government ideas that didn’t help Russia. Nicholas didn’t stop him though, and the aristocrats didn’t like him.. They assassinated him on December of 1918. Bread rations were high and 10,000 women marched on the Streets of St. Petersburg. Workers of the middle class joined the women. They succeeded in shutting down factories. Nicholas tells the soldiers to shoot the crowd. The troops joined the march and Nicholas lost his power, he abdicates the throne. Russia gets a new provisional government-> Moderate Constitutional Democrats led and their mistake was that they kept Russia in the war and lost support. Revolutionary leaders organized the Soviet Council of Workers and Soldiers where the Bolshevik Leader was Lenin.
Mussolini:
Mussolini was injured in WWI. When he came home, he joined the socialists to get out of war. He didn’t agree with them, so they kicked him out. He switches to the extreme right to get some power. He played on people’s fears of a socialist uprising; he said he would prevent the rise of Socialism and gained support. He brings nationalistic pride and said Italy needed a great leader. The Squadristi/Blackshirts were a group of enforcers who followed Mussolini and fought for him. Fascists were elected into Parliament. Former soldiers and the middle class made up the Squadristi. They break up socialist meetings and marches. In 1922, enough fascists were in Parliament that the other parties allied with Mussolini. He gave a speech that says to give all the power to him or he will march on Rome. This was a huge bluff and it worked. It frightened the government and King Victor Emmanuel III to appoint Mussolini as Prime Minister on Oct 22, 1922. Mussolini threatened violence to silence the socialist party. 2/3 of Parliament were Fascist. They assassinated many socialist leaders. Mussolini made a speech to create a new order to get rid of violence. Mussolini censored the public and outlawed other political parties. By 1926, he ruled Italy as Il Duce (the leader). “Peace will reign through Italy by love or force if necessary”. He used propaganda to spread messages but it wasn’t successful. The military grew bigger, women’s job was to give birth. Mussolini never got rid of the monarchy and competed for power. He couldn’t get rid of Catholics so he recognized it as the Italian religion and gave them Vatican City. Hitler was an admirer of Mussolini.
Zimmerman Note
Zimmerman sent a telegram to von Eckhardt, German Ambassador to Mexico. It said:Mexico, please join central powers against the US and when they win the war, they would be given Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. It was sent on March 1, 1917. GB intercepted the telegram on April 12, 1917 and sent it to the US.
Totalitarian dictators (countries where they rose)
Hitler (Germany), Stalin (Russia), Mussolini (Italy)
Gavrilo Princip
the guy that killed Francis ferdinand, he was Serbian and with the Black Hand group
Francis Ferdinand
archduke that was shot
