Road to World War II Flashcards
define depression and tell what the Great depression was
Depression: a period of low economic activity and risin unemployment.
The Great Depression ended the prosperity of the Roaring 20s
List 2 causes of the Depression
- Series of downfalls in economics of industrial nations
- International financial crisis involvin the US stock market
What happened to the trade market in Great Britain?
- markets lost to the US and Japan
Why are people hungy in Europe? Describe the scene of Europe during the depression regarding the hunt for food.
*Industries declined after the war.
*The Labor Party fell because they could not solve the depression.
*Soup lines and bread lines were all over Europe. *People wandered the streets to get food.
Describe some of John Maynard Keynes thought and the results.
~ He was a British economist who said:
* the government should finance public projects to put people back to work
* government should engage in deficit spending (spend what you dont have)
* He wrote the “General Theory of Interest, Employment, and Money.”
* the economic downturn was too big to wait for it to fix itself
* the government should fix supply and demand and put people to work
* going into debt would help times improve
* when life improves, tax more and get the money to pay the debt
~ The government did not do what he suggested.
Who was Leon Blum and what did he create? What did this do for France?
Leon Blum was the Prime Minister of the French New Deal. He created a minimum wage. It helped France escape the depression.
What was the strongest country in Europe after WWI and when did it feel the Depression?
France became the strongest country in Europe after WWI
~ did not feel the depression until 1932
Describe the French New Deal
~It gave workers the rights to
* collective bargaining
* a 40 hour week
* 2 weeks of paid vacation
* minimum wage
~did not solve the problems of the Great Depression
Name four countries that handled the Depression the best:
Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland
Describe the Social Democratic Party. Tell about taxes, birth rate, and what they had to agree on.
~ where cooperatives were created to spread out work. They agreed on hours, wages, crops, and manufacturing. They expanded on social services. Taxes were high, but it helped them get through the Depression. Privately run cooperatives made it easy on the government. No western nation was done with the Depression by the time WWII started. Birth rate fell to an all time low.
Which countries had totalitarian rulers?
Italy, Germany, and Russia
Define Totalitarianism and Fascism:
Totalitarianism - 20th century phenomenon. A single leader of a single party controls all things of a country. They control the economy, politics, cultural, social, and intellectual aspects of the state. They used madd propaganda and force to ensure you follow the rules.
Fascism - A way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of people and in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government.
Who is responsible for the gain of fascism in Italy? Describe this person’s feelings about socialism.
In the chaos of the 1920s, political leaders only cared about themselves. Fascism gained control through Benito Mussolini. He only joined the socialists to get out of the war. He didn’t agree with the socialists, he just wanted to gain power.
What were Mussolini’s enforcers called? What are the former soldiers and the middle class called?
The former soldiers and the middle class joined Mussolini’s enforcers who were called Squadristi or Black Shirts.
Describe Mussolini’s big bluff and tell what title he was given on Oct. 22, 1922.
He gave a speech that says give all the power to him or he will march on Rome. He was given the title of Prime Minister
Describe Mussolini’s speech to create new order to get rid of violence.
Peace would return to Italy through love or force if necessary.
In 1926, Mussolini rules as ________________, meaning _______________.
Il Duce, The Leader
What was the role of women in fascist regimes?
give birth
Describe religion under Mussolini in Italy.
he couldn’t get rid of catholics church
he recognized catholicism as the religion of italy
vatican city was the place for catholics
urged to be fascist.
What kind of government was created after Wilhelm II abdicated?
Name some problems of the Weimar Republic
- Weimar Republic
- They had serious economic problems. People on fixed income suffered inflation. The middle class was pushed toward political parties that were hostile for the republic.
What paved the way for fear and rise of extremist parties?
~d e p r e s s i o n~
This one is long: Buckle up
Describe Hitler’s young life.
Hitler was from a lower class family. He wanted to be an artist, but Vienna Art School said no. He lived in Vienna and painted on the streets. Hitler began to hat the Jews because they were the predominant religion in Vienna and the art school. He thought that they should participate in extreme nationalism, anti-semitism, and struggle with crude social Darwinism. Hitler served in WWI, and after he entered politics. He gained control of the Nazis and created a recognizable political movement. He draws people in to support him. He was an excellent speaker and convinced people he was going to fix Germany. In 1923, a march on Berlin took place; hitler overthrew the Weimars and his party went in alone. An uprising in Munich called Beer Hall Putsch took place on Nov 8, 1923. Hitler wasn’t strong enough; he was crushed by army. He was arrested for 5 years and charged for treason. He saw his jail time as a time to rethink his plans. he changed tactics and regained power. He wrote “mein Kampf” in prison which was an account of his movement’s goals. It was the plan to rise up; it means “my Struggle”. Hitler believed in Lebensraum which is the idea that superior nations have the right to grow bigger and invade no matter who stood in their way->Germany. He established the Young Men’s Movement where young men joined the Nazi party. His Nazi flag was called the bloody flag because it was the color of the blood of the Nazis who fought and died for what they thought was right. Young people loved Nazis becoz they wanted to be part of something better. 40% of people under 30 were Nazis in 1929. The depression hits and Hitler and his Nazis claim that they can solve the economic problems of Germany. Hitler makes speeches and pressures Hindenburg to appoint him Chancellor. A fire occurred in the Reichstag building. Hitler blamed the Communists and said he and his Nazis would protect Germany from communists.Reichstag passed the Enabling act which announced Hitler as Dictator. It brought Germans under nazi rule. Hitler becomes Fuhrer. Nazis offer a national Awakening to fix Germany as Hitler is comfortably in control by 1933. Hitler wanted to create a total state that controls all of europe and lasts. He got people to work by rearming the military; violated the treaty of Verailles. He creates a new instrument of terror. Hitler kicks the Jewish out of their jobs. By 1935, Jews were no longer considered German citizens through the Nuremberg Laws. Nove 8-9, 1938, Germans went and destroyed Jewish businesses and synagogues were burned in kristallnacht. Jews were mistreated. Hitler lowered radio prices so people could hear his speeches because he was a very effective speaker.
