SEMENALYSIS Flashcards by Gay Amor Tipolo Gacang

Q

Semen is composed of four fractions that are contributed by the

A

Testes
Epididymis
Seminal vesicles
Prostate glands
Bulbourethral glands

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Q

Seminal composition

A

Spermatozoa - 5%
Seminal fluid - 60-70%
Prostate fluid - 20-30%
Bulbourethral glands - 5%

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Q

Normal appearance of semen has

A

Gray-white color
Translucent
Musty odor

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Q

Freshly ejaculated semen is

A

Viscous, opaque, and whitish coagulum

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Q

Examine semen for liquefaction after

A

30-60 mins

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Q

Normal volume of seminal fluid

A

2-5 mL

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Q

Decreased volume is associated more frequently with infertility and may indicate improper functioning of one of the semen-producing organs, primarily the

A

Seminal vesicles

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Q

Droplets that form longer than ____ are considered high viscous and are recorded as abnormal

A

2cm

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Q

Normal pH

A

7.2-8.0

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Q

Normal sperm motility

A

Minimum of 50% with a rating of 2.0

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Q

Give the GRADE and WHO CRITERIA

Motile with rapid, straight-line motility

A

Grade - 4.0
WHO - a

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Q

Give the GRADE and WHO CRITERIA

Slower speed, some lateral movement (SS)

A

Grade - 3.0
WHO - b1

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Q

Give the GRADE and WHO CRITERIA

Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral
movement (SN)

A

Grade - 2.0
WHO - b2

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Q

Give the GRADE and WHO CRITERIA

Motile without forward progression

A

Grade - 1.0
WHO - c

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Q

Give the GRADE and WHO CRITERIA

No movement

A

Grade - 0
WHO - d

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Q

Alternative Sperm Motility Grading Criteria

Sperm moving linearly or in a large circle

A

Progressive motility (PM)

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Q

Alternative Sperm Motility Grading Criteria

Sperm moving with an absence of progression

A

Nonprogressive motility (NP)

Q

Alternative Sperm Motility Grading Criteria

No movement

A

Immotility (IM)

Q

Oval-shaped head size

A

Approx. 5um long and 3um wide

Q

Long, flagellar tail size

A

Approx. 45 um long

Q

Midpiece size; thickest part of the tail

A

7um long

Q

Buffer used in determining sperm morphology

A

0.5M sodium phosphate or aged distilled water

Q

Sperm morphology examined under

A

OIO

Q

Diluting fluids used in determining sperm concentration and sperm count

A

Formalin, traditional diluting fluids
Sodium bicarbonate
NSS
Distilled water
Tap water

Count the sperms in the

Four corner and center squares of the large center square

RR of Total motility:

Progressive + Nonmotile = 40% or more

RR of Total progressive motility :

32% or more

RR of sperm concentration

>20 million/mL

RR of sperm count

>40 million/ejaculate

Examine sperm motility sample under

HPO

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:

1. Acid Phosphatase 2. Fructose 3. Spermine and Choline 4. Potassium, Citric Acid, Ascorbic Acid

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS: distinguishes semen from other body fluids

Acid Phosphatase

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS: Major nutrient of spermatozoa

Fructose

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS: antibacterial substances from the prostate glands

Spermine and Choline

What to add to induce liquefaction of semen

DAB 1. Dulbecco’s Phosphate buffered saline 2. Alpha-chymotrypsin 3. Bromelain

VISCOSITY GRADING

0-2 Watery-viscous; normal 3-4 Gel-like; very sticky; abnormal

total absence of sperm

Azoospermia

presence of sperm cells whether completely dead or immobile

Necrospermia

deficiency in the number of sperm cells or presence of few motile cells

Oligospermia

Stain used in sperm morphology

a) Papanicolau technique b) Wright’s stain or shorr c) Giemsa

Major cause of male infertility

VARICOCELE

Neckpiece/Midpiece is the thickest part of the sperm due to

MITOCHONDRIAL SHEATH