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ANURBF > semenalysis > Flashcards

semenalysis Flashcards

1
Q

site of spermatogenesis

A

Seminiferous tubules (testes):

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2
Q

site of sperm maturation and storage

A

Epididymis

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3
Q

produces testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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4
Q

provides nutrients for the germ cells as they
undergo spermatogenesis

A

Sertoli cells:

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5
Q

propel sperm to the
ejaculatory duct

A

Vas deferens/ductus deferens:

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6
Q

: provides fructose

A

Seminal vesicles

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7
Q

produces a viscid, neutral or slightly alkaline fluid often
with a yellow color due to the presence of flavine

A
  • Seminal vesicles
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8
Q

yellow color of semen due to

A

flavine

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9
Q

provides substrate responsible for the coagulation of
semen following ejaculation

A
  • Seminal vesicles
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10
Q

produces acidic fluid that contains ACP,
citric acid, zinc, proteolytic enzymes

A

Prostate gland

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11
Q

produces a milky, slightly acidic fluid (pH 6.5)
containing citric acid, proteolytic enzyme (fibrinolysis),
acid phosphatase (distinguishes semen), zinc and
antibacterial agents (choline and spermine)

A
  • Prostate gland
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12
Q

for growth

A

Spermine

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13
Q

for maturation of sperm cells

A

Choline

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14
Q

dd alkaline mucus
to neutralize prostatic acid and vaginal acidity

A

Bulbourethral gland/Cowper’s gland

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15
Q
  • produces less than 10-15% of the semen volume
  • produces a thick, alkaline mucus that serves to
    neutralize prostatic and vaginal acidity
A

Bulbourethral gland/Cowper’s gland:

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16
Q

distinguishes semen form other fluids

A

acid phosphatase

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17
Q

evaluate prostate function

A

zinc

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18
Q

major nutrient of spermatozoa

A

Fructose

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19
Q

liquefaction and coagulation of
seminal fluid

A

Proteolytic enzymes:

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20
Q

relatively small amount composed of a clear
viscid fluid that originate largely or perhaps exclusively from
the urethral and Cowper’s glands

A

1st

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21
Q

prostatic secretion along with most of the
spermatozoa with relatively small secretions from the
epididymis and vas deferen

A

2nd

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22
Q

consists almost entirely of a mucoid
secretion resulting from emptying of the seminal vesicles

A

3rd

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23
Q

: best method of collection
because it prevents contamination

A

Self-production or masturbation

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24
Q

Condom collection: requires the use of condoms that are
non-lubricant-containing and made from p

A

polyurethane.

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25
Q

aspiration of seminal fluid from
the vaginal vault after coitus

A

Vaginal vault aspiration:

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26
Q

not reliable method of collection
because the first portion of the ejaculate may be lost

A

Coitus interruptus

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27
Q

Artificial insemination: preserved in frozen state at ____
and stored for ___ year

A

-85C ; 1 year

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28
Q

PROLONGED ABSTINENCE IS TERMED

A

pyrospermia

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29
Q

may indicate bleeding

A

rust to red-brown:

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30
Q

may indicate urine contamination,
antibiotics, prolonged abstinence or pyospermi

A

yellowish:

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31
Q

ay indicate infection in the
reproductive tract and presence of WBCs

A
  • increased white turbidity:
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32
Q

: infertility color

A

clear

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33
Q

prolonged liquefaction indicates a possible deficiency
in

A

prostatic enzymes

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34
Q

ph? possible infection within the
reproductive tract

A

alkaline

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35
Q

ph? seminal vesicle obstruction, absences of
seminal vesicle or increased in prostatic fluid

A

Acidic

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36
Q

specific grav

A

1.027-1.032

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37
Q

main factor which affects the penetrating ability of the
sperm cells through the cervical mucus barrier

A

Sperm Motility

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38
Q

volume?

A

2-5ml with 0.1 increments

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39
Q

revitilization using?

A

ringer’s solution

40
Q

number of cells per ejaculate

A

Sperm Count:

41
Q

number of cells per mL

A

Sperm Concentration

42
Q

Sperm Count: ne
- Normal Value

A

> 40 million/ejaculate

43
Q

Sperm Concentration:
- Normal ValuE

A

> 20
million/mL

44
Q

Diluting Fluids:

A
  1. 1.5% sodium bicarbonate
  2. 2.1% formalin
  3. 0.5% chlorazene
  4. 4.1% formalin in sodium bicarbonate
  5. 5% sodium bicarbonate + 1% phenol in distilled H2O
  6. Chilled distilled H2O
45
Q

Recommended Dilution:

A

1:20

46
Q

utilizes undiluted specimen
- sperm cells are immobilized by heating

A

Makler

47
Q

sperm cells are counted using the 4 corned squares
and the large central square
- both sides are loaded
- counts should agree within 10%

A

Neubauer Hemocytometer

48
Q

decreased in the number of sperm cells or
presence of few motile cells

A

Oligospermia

49
Q

seen in unilateral or bilateral hypotrophic testes
and hypothyroidism

A
50
Q

complete or total absence of spermatozoa

A

. Azoospermia

51
Q

seen in bilateral underdeveloped testes,
obstruction, and infection with gonorrhea

A

. Azoospermia

52
Q
  • presence of dead or immobile sperm cell
A
  1. Necrospermia
53
Q

seen in hypertrophic testes and decreased in
fructose level

A
  1. Necrospermia
54
Q

located at the top of the head and contains
oocyte-penetrating enzymes necessary for ovum
penetration

A

Acrosomal cap

55
Q

Acrosomal cap: should occupy

– of the head and __
of the nucleus

A

½ and 2/3

56
Q
  • attaches the tail to the head
A
57
Q

contains mitochondria that provides energy for the
flagellar motion

A

Neck/Middle Piece

58
Q

pproximately 45um in length and exhibits a whip-like
motion that propels the sperm cell

A
  • Tail
59
Q

stain of choice,

A

papanicolaou

60
Q

routine normal values

A

: >30% normal

61
Q

Kruger’s Strict Criteria

A

> 14% normal

62
Q

nvolves measuring the head, neck, tail, and
acrosome

A

Kruger’s Strict Criteria:

63
Q

test: decreased motility with normal count

A

eosin nigrosin stain

64
Q

low levels associated with androgen deficiency low
testosterone level and seminal vesicle insufficiency

A

fructose test

65
Q

decreased motility with clumping

A

mixed agglutination reaction and immunobead tests

66
Q

normal analysis with continued infertility

A

sperm agglutination with female serum

67
Q

suspected if a specimen has a normal sperm concentration
with markedly decreased motility

A

Sperm Viability

68
Q

Living Cells: color

A

bluish white

69
Q

dead cells color

A

red against purple background

70
Q

normal sperm viability

A

75%/100sperm cells

71
Q

Resorcinol test: 1mL of semen + 9mL reagent → color?

A

orange red color: fructose test

72
Q
  • used as screening test for fructosep
A

Fructose test

73
Q

normal pH of semen

A

7.2 -8

74
Q

used to quantitate fructose level
in semen; CONFIRMATORY TEST

A

spectrophotometric

75
Q

normal values of fructose test

A

≥ 13umol/ejaculate

76
Q

detects surface IgG autoantibodies based on a
modification of the Coombs test

A

Mixed Agglutination Reaction Test (MAR)

77
Q

Proportions of spermatozoa coated with antibody
- Determines the antibody class (IgG, IgA, or IgM)
- Localization on the spermatozoa

A
  • Immunobead Test
78
Q

immunobead test: interferes with penetration

A

Head-directed Ab:

79
Q

immunobead test: affect motility through the cervical
mucosa

A

Tail-directed:

80
Q

(+) result: * Immunobead Test

A

≥ 20% sperm with bound immunobead

81
Q

Clinically significant result: Immunobead Test

A

≥ 50% sperm with bound
immunobead

82
Q

performed in specialized andrology laboratories for assisted
reproductio

A

Sperm Function Test

83
Q

sperm cells are incubated with species non specific hamster eggs and penetration i sobserved microcscopically

A

hamster egg penetration

84
Q

observation of sperm penetration ability of partnerts midcycle cervical mucus

A

cervical mucus penetration

85
Q

sperm exposed to low-sodium concentration are evlauated for membrane integrity and sperm viability

A

HYPO-OSMOTIC SWELLING

86
Q

evaluation of the acrosome to produce enzymes essential for ovum penetration

A

in vitro acrosome reaction

87
Q

post-coital test to determine the quality of the cervical
mucus and the ability of sperm cells to penetrate it

A

Sims-Huhner Test

88
Q

etermines the presence of choline

A

Florence Test

89
Q

Reagents Florence Test

A

: potassium iodide and iodine crystals

90
Q

(+) result: Florence Test

A

presence of brown rhombic or needle-like
crystals under the microscop

91
Q

determines the presence of spermine

A

Barbiero’s Test

92
Q

Reagents: Barbiero’s Test

A

picric acid and trichloroacetic acid

93
Q

Barbiero’s Test (+) result

A

presence of yellow leaf-like structures

94
Q

determines the tenacity of the mucus

A

Spinbarkeit Test

95
Q

pecimens are tested at monthly intervals, beginning at 2
months after vasectomy and continuing until two
consecutive monthly specimens shows no spermatozoa

A

Post-vasectomy Semen Analysis

96
Q

production of ___ involves the disruption
of the blood-testis barrier exposing the sperm cells to the
male immune system or damaging sperm cells surface
determinants eliciting response by the female immune
system:

A

antisperm antibodies

97
Q
A

ANURBF (8 decks)

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