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ANURBF > renal diseases > Flashcards

renal diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases that are most often immune mediated

A

Glomerular Diseasesq

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2
Q

Exposure to chemicals, toxinx, and amyloid materials

A

Non immunologic glomerular disease

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3
Q

Acute onset of grossly visible hematuria
RBC casts
Mild to moderate proteinuria
Hypertension
Oliguria

A

Nephritic Syndrome

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4
Q

Basement thickening because of the deposition of ___ materials from systemic disorder?

A

Glomerular disease; amyloid material

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5
Q

The term ____ refers to sterile, inflammatory process that affects the glomerulus and is associated with the finding of blood, protein, and casts in urine?

A

Glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

Respiratory infection caused by group A streptococcus

A

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

Deposition of
immune
complexes
formed in
response to
Group A
Streptococcal
infection on the _______

A

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis; Glomerular membrane

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8
Q

Marked by the sudden onset of symptoms consistent with
glomerular membrane damage

A

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms: edema around the eyes, fever, fatigue, hypertension

A

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

in Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis there is a increase in what?

A

BUN and ASO titer

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11
Q

contains M protein in the cell wall and deposited in the glomerulus

A

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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12
Q

More serious form of
acute glomerular
disease that involves
deposition of
immune complexes
from systemic
immune disorders

A

Rapidly Progressive/Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

Damaged glomeruli
allow release of cells
and fibrin into the
Bowman’s capsule
leading to
crescentic
formation and
pressure changes

A

/Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

more severe, there is cellular proliferation of epithelial cells insede the bowman’s capsule that forms crescent which are related to SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

A

Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

deposition of Antiglomerular Basement Membrane
Ab which is cytotoxic to collagen leading
to complement activation and capillary
destruction

A

Goodpasteur Syndrome

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16
Q

what is deposited on Goodpasteur syndrome that is cytotoxic?

A

Antiglomerular Basement Membrane antibody

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17
Q

Goodpasteur syndrome; deposition of Antiglomerular Basement Membrane antibody in the?

A

Glomerular and alveolar basement membrane

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18
Q

deposition of Antiglomerular Basement Membrane
Ab which is cytotoxic to collagen leading
to ___ and ___?

A

Complement activation and capillary destruction

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19
Q

May lead to chronic glomerulonephritis
and end-stage renal disease

A

Goodpasteur Syndrome

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20
Q

 Signs and symptoms: hemoptysis and
dyspnea

A

Goodpasteur Syndrome

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21
Q

(+) Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) that targets
neutrophils in
the vascular
walls initiating
immune
response and
granuloma
formation in the
lungs and
kidneys

A

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

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22
Q

causes granuloma producing inflammation of the small blood vessels primarily of the kidneys and the respiratory system

A

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

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23
Q

Wegener’s Granulomatosis is positive for?

A

Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody

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24
Q

increase of what in Wegener’s granulomatosis?

A

increase serum BUN and creatinine

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25
Q

 Allergic purpura that causes decrease in the number of platelets
and affects vascular integrity

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

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26
Q

Signs and symptoms: red skin patches, blood in sputum and stool

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

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27
Q

this usually occurs in children after upper respiratory infection

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

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28
Q

 Involves IgG deposition on the glomerular membrane leading to
pronounced thickening

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

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29
Q

Seen in SLE, Sjogren’s syndrome, secondary syphilis and hepatitis
B infection

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

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30
Q

this develop and increase the tendecies for thrombosis

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

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31
Q

pronounce thickening of the glomerular basement membrane resulting from the deposition of IgG immune complexes

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

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32
Q

Cellular proliferation affecting capillary walls or the glomerular
basement membrane

A

. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

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33
Q

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis other lab findings?

A

decreased serum complement

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34
Q

what type of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis? increased cellularity in the sub-endothelial cells of the mesangium that may progress to nephrotic syndrome

A

Type 1 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

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35
Q

what type of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis? Extremely dense deposits in the glomerular basement membrane which is a chronic glomerulonephritis

A

Type 2 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

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36
Q

Gradual worsening of symptoms leading to loss of kidney function

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

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37
Q

Other lab findings: increased BUN and creatinine, electrolyte
imbalance

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

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38
Q

may progress to renal failure and the duration of the damage of the kidney may progress to ____ and end stage renal disease may occur

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

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39
Q

Nephritic or nephrotic? Hypertension

A

Nephritic syndrome

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40
Q

Nephritic or nephrotic? inflammation of the glomeruli

A

nephritic syndrome

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41
Q

Nephritic or nephrotic? cola colored urine/hematuria

A

Nephritic

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42
Q

Nephritic or nephrotic? berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)

A

Nephritic

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43
Q

BErger’s disease is also known as ?

A

IgA nephropathy

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44
Q

is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis

A

Berger’s disease

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45
Q

Nephritic or nephrotic? hypoalbuminemia

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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46
Q
A
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47
Q

Nephritic or nephrotic? Hyperlipidemia

A

Nephrotic

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48
Q

Nephritic or nephrotic? massive proteinuria

A

nephrotic

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49
Q

Nephritic or nephrotic? peripheral edema

A

Nephrotic

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50
Q

igA deposition on the glomerular membrane leading to thickening

A

IgA nephropathy/Berger’s Disease

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51
Q

 most common cause of glomerulonephritis

A

IgA nephropathy/Berger’s Disease

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52
Q

Acute onset may occur as a result of circulatory disruption
causing systemic shock and decrease in blood pressur

A

. Nephrotic Syndrome

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53
Q

Involves membrane damage and changes in the electrical charges
of the basement membrane leading to the passage of high
molecular weight proteins and lipids into the urine

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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54
Q

Loss of albumin causes decrease in capillary oncotic pressure and
edema

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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55
Q

disruption of the electrical charges of the basement membrane leading to massive loss of proteins and lipids

A

nephrotic syndrome

56
Q

Heavy proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome is?

A

> 3.5g/day

57
Q

nephrotic syndrome Other lab findings: decreased ___, increased ____

A

dec serum albumin; inc serum lipids

58
Q

Inherited disease that affects the glomerular basement
membrane (lamellated appearance with areas of thinning)

A

Alport Syndrome

59
Q

inherited sex linked or autosomal genetic disorder showing lamellated and thinning of the glomerular basement membrane

A

Alport Syndrome

60
Q

Disruption of podocytes and shield of negativity which increases the filtration of protein
occurring primarily in
children following allergic
reactions and
immunizations

A

minimal change disease

61
Q

lipid nephrosis

A

minimal change disease

62
Q

little cellular changes

A

minimal change disease

63
Q

unknown etiology associations includes allergic reaction, immunizations, possession to HLA B12, and this disease responds to corticosteroids?

A

minimal change disease

64
Q

Disruption of the
podocytes in certain areas
of the glomerulus but other parts remain normal

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

65
Q

Associated with heroin and
analgesic abuse, and AIDS

A

Focal Segmental
Glomerulosclerosis

66
Q

Most common cause of end-stage renal disease

A

Diabetic Nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson

67
Q

Glomerular damage may be due capillary thickening, increase
proliferation of the mesangial cells, increase deposition of cellular
and non-cellular materials

A

Diabetic Nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson

68
Q

glycosylated protein caused by poorly controlled blood glucose levels

A

Diabetic Nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilso

69
Q

the mesangial cells which plays a central role in glomerulat function which modulated glomerular capillary blood flow and ultrafiltration surface area and in addition, this mesangial cells are both a source and target for vasoactive molecules growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins

A

Diabetic Nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson

70
Q

findings: microalbuminuria, (+) Micral test

A

Diabetic Nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson

71
Q

May be due to actual tubule damage, and metabolic or hereditary disorders

A

TUBULAR DISEASES

72
Q

results from infection and toxic substances

A

TUBULAR DISEASES

73
Q
A
73
Q

affects the renal tubules

A

TUBULAR DISEASES

74
Q

Damage to the renal tubular epithelial cells due to ischemia and
nephrotoxic agents

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

75
Q

odorless urine

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

76
Q

Failure of tubular reabsorption in the PCT (glucose, amino acids,
phosphorus, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and water)

A

Fanconi’s Syndrome

77
Q

causes cytinosis and hartnup’s disease

A

Fanconi’s Syndrome

78
Q

cystine accumulation in the cell

A

cystinosis

79
Q

accumulation of tryptophan in the cell

A

Hartnup disease

80
Q

Inherited defect of tubular response to ADH or acquired from
medications

A

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

81
Q

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus findings:

A

Low specific gravity, polyuria, pale yellow color

82
Q

failure of the hypothalamus to produce ADH

A

neurogenic diabetes insipidus

83
Q

failure of the tubules to respond to ADH

A

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

84
Q

inherited defect int hte productionod uromodulin by the renal tubules

A

uromodulin associated kidney disease

85
Q

increased uric acid causing gout

A

uromodulin associated kidney disease

86
Q

affects only the reabsorption of glucose

A

renal glycosuria

87
Q

normal blood glucose due to defective tubular reabsorption

A

Renal glycosuria

88
Q

Affects only the reabsorption of glucose

A

renal glycosuria

89
Q

renal treshold of glucose?

A

160-180 mg/dl

90
Q

Disorders affecting the
interstitium also affects the
tubules due to their close
proximity

A

TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES

91
Q

Majority of these disorders
involve infections and
inflammatory conditions

A

TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES

92
Q

Most
common
renal disease
that involves
the lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) or the upper urinary
tract (renal pelvis, tubules and interstitium)

A

Urinary Tract
Infection

93
Q

lower urinary tract

A

urethra and bladder

94
Q

upper urinary tract

A

renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitium

95
Q

Urinalysis: hematuria, RTE cells, RTE casts, other casts, hyaline, granular, and broad cast

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

96
Q

can be heriditary and metabolic disorder

A

Fanconi’s syndrome

97
Q

uromodulin is also known as

A

Tamm horsfall protein- most abundant protein in urine

98
Q

findings: rte cell and hyperuricemia

A

Uromodulin associated kidney disease

99
Q

infection of the urinary bladder, lower urinary tract infection, common in woman and children

A

cystitis

100
Q

bacterial infection of the urinary bladder

A

cystitis

101
Q

positive for WBC, bacteria, hematuria, mild proteinuria, increased pH

A

cystitis

102
Q

affects the renal tubules and interstitium, upper urinary tract infection

A

acute pyelonephritis

103
Q

begins in the urethra and bladder and travels up to both of the kidneys

A

Acute pyelonephritis

104
Q

difference cystitis and acute pyelonephritis

A

presence of bacterial cast in acute pyelonephritis

105
Q

Allergic inflammation of the renal interstitium in response to
certain medications

A

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

106
Q

ascending movement of bacteria

A

Acute pyelonephritis

107
Q

infection of the renal tubules and interstitium, reflux of urine from the bladder and untreated cystitis

A

Acute pyelonephritis

108
Q

different leukocyte couns

A

acute interstitial nephritis

109
Q

disease that has no bacteria since allergic inflammation only

A

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

110
Q

 Formation of stones in the renal calyces, renal pelvis, ureters
and bladder

A

Renal Calculi/Lithiasis

111
Q

more severe form of pyelonephritis that can result to permanent damage of the renal tubules

A

chronic pyelonephritis

112
Q

recurrent infection of renal tubules and interstitium caused by structural abnormalities affecting the flow of urine

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

113
Q

*PROGRESSION TO END-STAGE RENAL
DISEASE:

A

RENAL FAILURE

114
Q

Marked decreased in GFR(<25mL/min)

A

RENAL FAILURE

115
Q

*Steady rise in BUN AND CREATININE is termed?

A

azotemia

116
Q

TELESCOPED URINE SEDIMENTS

A

RENAL FAILURE

117
Q

*Electrolyte imbalance
* Lack of renal concentrating ability producing an
isosthenuric urine
*Proteinuria, Renal glycosuria

A

RENAL FAILURE

118
Q

*GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
* Decreased GFR
* OLIGURIA
* Edema
* Azotemia

A

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

119
Q

due to accumulationof non-filtered substances

A

edema

120
Q

May be passed in the urine and obstruct the urinary tract

A

Renal Calculi/Lithiasis

121
Q

Conditions favoring the formation of renal calculi

A
  1. pH
  2. Chemical concentration
  3. Urinary stasis
122
Q

Major constituent of renal calculi

A

Calcium oxalate/phosphate (~75%)

123
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents; Very hard, dark in color with rough surface
- May be due to metabolic disorders or diet

A

Calcium oxalate/phosphate (~75%)

124
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents; Frequently accompanied by UTI involving urea-splitting
bacteria
-

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate:

125
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents: Formed in the pelvis – resembling antlers of deer

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate:

126
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents:associated with increased intake of foods with high purine
content

A

Uric acid:

127
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents:Yellowish to brownish red and moderately hard

A

Uric acid:

128
Q
A
129
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents:seen in conjunction with hereditary disorders of cysteine
metabolism

A

Cystine

130
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents: - Yellow-brown, greasy and resembles an old soap

A

Cystine

131
Q

Primary Calculi Constituents: Least common calculi (1-2%)

A

Cystine

132
Q

a procedure using high-energy shock
waves, can be used to break stones located in the upper
urinary tract into pieces that can then be passed in the
urine. Surgical removal also can be employed.

A

LITHOTRIPSY

133
Q

which plays a central role in glomerulat function which modulated glomerular capillary blood flow and ultrafiltration surface area and in addition

A

Mesangial cells

134
Q

It is a source and target for vasoactive molecules growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins

A

Mesangial cells

ANURBF (8 decks)

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