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ANURBF > Fecalysis > Flashcards

Fecalysis Flashcards

1
Q

<1-2 weeks but it may persist until 4 weeks, most
common cause is toxic ingestion or infection by bacteria,
pathogens, or virus

A

Acure

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2
Q

last for >4 weeks but is often 8 weeks or longer,
can be inflammatory (intestinal, inflammatory bowel
disease like Crohn’s disease) or noninflammatory (can be
subcategorized by the effect of fasting on the diarrhea).

A

Chronic

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3
Q

The
third cause is altered motility. This describes the condition
where it is whether enhanced motility or slowed motility
(constipation)

A

Chronic

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4
Q

Lactose intolerant (those who cannot absorb lactose in the
milk that causes LBM, this caused by the incomplete
breakdown or reabsorption of lactose)

A

Osmotic diarrhea

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5
Q

an also be caused by celiac sprue, malabsorption of sugar,
amebiasis, and antibiotic administration

A

Osmotic diarrhea

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6
Q

Fecal fluid pH

A

> 5.6

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7
Q

Caused by increase secretion of water and electrolytes that is
cased by bacteria that produces enterotoxins.

A

Secretory diarrhea

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8
Q

Can also be caused by drugs, laxatives, inflammatory bowel
disease, and endocrine disorders

A

Secretory diarrhea

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9
Q

Electrolytes is increased

A

Secretory diarrhea

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10
Q

The laboratory tests used to differentiate between them are
fecal electrolytes (fecal sodium, and fecal potassium), fecal
osmolality, and stool pH

A

Osmotic gap

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11
Q

Fecal sodium

A

30mmol/ L

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12
Q

Fecal potassium

A

75 mmol/L

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13
Q

> 50 mOsm/ kg

A

Osmotic diarrhea

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14
Q

<50 mOsm/kg

A

Secretory diarrhea

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15
Q

Normal fat/fecal (?) content of stool

A

6g/day

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16
Q

The clinical significance of___ is for the diagnosis of
pancreatic insufficiency and small bowel disorders that cause
malabsorption

A

Steatorrhea

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17
Q

used to differentiate malabsorption (low D-
xylose) and maldigestion (normal D-xylose), urine and blood
can be tested

A

D xylose test

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18
Q

Malabsorption

A

Low D xylose

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19
Q

Maldigestion

A

Normal D xylose

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20
Q

Specimen suitable for qualitative testing for blood, and
microscopic examination of leukocytes, muscle fibers, and
fecal fat

A

Random

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21
Q

Specimen For quantitative twsting

A

3 day collection

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22
Q

Normal color; this is caused degradation of
urobilinogen to urobilin, and stercobilin

A

Orange brown

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23
Q

This what
bile duct (post-hepatic obstructions) blockage may cause?

A

Acholic stool

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24
Q

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (esophagus,
stomach, duodenum; the blood may take 3 days
before excreted that is why it will exhibit black
color), iron therapy, charcoal, bismuth

A

Black

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25
Q

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, beets and food
coloring, rifampin

A

Red

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26
Q

Bile duct obstruction, barium sulfate

A

Pale yellow, white, gray

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27
Q

Biliverdin/oral antibiotics, green vegetable

A

Green

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28
Q

Normal stool appearance

A

Formed cylindrical masses

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29
Q

Appearance: Bile duct obstruction, pancreatic disorders

A

Bulky / frothy

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30
Q

Appearance: Intestinal constriction

A

Ribbon like

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31
Q

Appearance: Colitis, dysentery, malignancy (colon cancer),
constipation

A

Blood -streaked mucus

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32
Q

_____ in feces indicates irritation of the intestinal
mucosa in ulcerative colitis and bacterial dysentery

A

Neutrophils

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33
Q

Presence of neutrophils indicates

A

Invasive bacteria

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34
Q

Absence of neutrophils indicates

A

Toxin producing bacteria

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35
Q

All smears or slide preparations must be performed on

A

Fresh specimens

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36
Q

faster to prepare, but more difficult to
interpret; stained with methylene blue

A

Watery smear

37
Q

provide permanent slides for evaluation;
stained with either Wright’s or Gram stain

A

Dry smears

38
Q

Positive result for neutrophils

A

3 neutrophils/hpf

39
Q

Used in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with
pancreatic insufficiency, biliary obstruction, and gastrocolic
fistulas

A

Mucus fibers

40
Q

In mucus fiber test stool is emulsified in what and in how many minutes

A

10% alcoholic eosin and examine for 5 mins

41
Q

with visible striations in one direction

A

Undigested fibers

42
Q

with striations in one direction

A

Prtially Digested fibers

43
Q

no striations

A

Digested fibers

44
Q

Significant result of mucus fibers

A

10 undigested fibers

45
Q

Screening test for the presence of excess fecal fat

A

Qualitative Fecal Fat test

46
Q

Monitoring of patients undergoing treatment for
malabsorption disorders

A

Qualitative fecal fat test

47
Q

Lipid dyes

A

Sudan III
Sudan I V
Oil red O

48
Q

readily stained by Sudan II and
appear as large orange-red droplets

A

Neutral fats

49
Q

Steatorrhea is indicative of

A

> 60 droplets/hpf

50
Q

do not stain directly with
Sudan III

A

Fatty acid salts and fatty acids

51
Q

For fatty acid salts and fatty acids, specimen must be mixed with?

A

Acetic acid and heated

52
Q

stained by Sudan III after heating and
crystallizes during cooling

A

Cholesterol

53
Q

Most frequently performed chemical screening test

A

Occult blood

54
Q

Bleeding in excess of ____stool is pathologically
significant

A

2.5mL/150g

55
Q

Used as a mass screening procedure for the early detection of
colorectal cancer

A

Occult blood test

56
Q

Principle of occult blood test

A

pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

57
Q

most sensitive; not preferred because it is
expensive, and detects everything (prone to false (+)
results); ascorbic acid (false (-))

A

Benzidine

58
Q

least sensitive; preferred for routine
testing’

A

Gum guaiac

59
Q

Occult blood indicator chromogens

A

Benzidine
Ortho toluidine
Gum guiaic

60
Q

Used as a confirmatory test for steatorrhea

A

Quantitative Fecal Fat Testing

61
Q

Specimen required for quanti fecal fat test

A

Refrigerated 3 day specimen

62
Q

Normal valuws for quanti fecal fat twst

A

1-6g/dL

63
Q

Methods of Quantitation

A

Van de kamer titration -gold standard
Gravimetric methos

64
Q

Distinguishes between fetal blood or maternal blood

A

Alkali denaturation test

65
Q

Sample of ADT

A

infant’s stool or vomitus

66
Q

Control for ADT

A

cord blood or adult blood

67
Q

Reagent for ADT

A

1%NaOh

68
Q

Adt: solution remains pink

A

Fetal hb

69
Q

Adt: solution turns yellow brown

A

Maternal hb

70
Q

X-ray paper is exposed to the stool sample emulsified in water

A

Trypsin

71
Q

digestion of gelatin on the x-ray paper = clear
area

A

Presence of trypsin

72
Q

inability to digest gelatin = no change

A

Absence of trypsin

73
Q

False pos or neg? proteolytic activity of bacterial enzymes

A

False pos

74
Q

False pos or neg? intestinal degradation of trypsin; inhibitors in
feces

A

False neg. Trypsin

75
Q

More sensitive indicator of less severe cases of pancreatic
insufficiency

A

Chymotrypsin

76
Q

More resistant to intestinal degradation

A

Chymotrypsin

77
Q

Remains stable in fecal samples for up to 10 days at rom temp

A

Chymotrypsin

78
Q

Measured spectrophotometrically

A

Chymotrypsin

79
Q

Pancreas specific and a very sensitive indicator of exocrine
pancreatic insufficiency

A

Elastase I

80
Q

Easy to perform and requires only a single stool sample

A

Elastase I

81
Q

Measured by immunoassay using the ELISA kit

A

Elastase I

82
Q

Inability to reabsorb carbohydrates

A

Celiac diseasw

83
Q

Lack of digestive enzymes

A

Lactose intolerance

84
Q

Detects congenital disaccharidase deficiency and enzyme
deficiencies due to nonspecific mucosal injury

A

Copper reduction test

85
Q

Most valuable is assessing cases of infant diarrhea and may
be accompanied by a pH determination

A

Copper reduction tes

86
Q

Normal stool ph

A

7-8

87
Q

Carbohydrate disorders pH:

A

<5.5

88
Q

Result of —— → carbohydrate intolerance

A

0.5g/dL

89
Q

Performed after a positive fecal Clinitest

A

Serum Carbohydrate Intolerance Test

ANURBF (8 decks)

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