Semen Flashcards by Loui Mojica

4 Fraction/composition of a Semen

Spermatozoa
Seminal fluid
Prostate fluid
Bulbourethral glands

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Percentage spermatozoa

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Percentage seminal fluid

60-70%

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Percentage prostate fluid

20-30%

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Percentage bulbourethral glands

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Man has reproductive problem causing

infertility

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is the singular test for fertility in male

Semen analysis

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Surgery to prevent pregnancy

Vasectomy or vasectomy reversal

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SA is the singular test for fertility in male that can provide
information on:

Øsperm production.
Øpatency of the male ducts.
Øthe function of the accessory glands.
Øejaculative function.

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Majority of sperm are
contained in the

first
portion of the
ejaculate

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sexual abstinence of from ___ to ____
days to not longer than 5 days

2 to 3 days

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sexual abstinence of from 2 to 3
days to not longer than ___ days

5 days

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fertility testing: days

2 to 3 days

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fertility testing: weeks intervals

2 weeks intervals

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Specimen should be
collected at

Room temperature

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Specimen should be kept at

Room temperature

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Specimen should be delivered to the
laboratory within ____ hour of col-
lection.

1 hour

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Specimen Kept at ____ if
awaits analysis

37ºC

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Procedure or process in collecting semen

Masturbation

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Material that is allowed to use in collection of semen

Non-lubricant containing rubber or polyurethane condoms

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Material that is not allowed to use in collection of semen

Ordinary condom

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Assisted Collection?

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WAYS OF SEMEN COLLECTION

Masturbation
Coitus interruptus
Assisted ejaculation

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directing the semen into a clean sample cup.

Masturbation

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withdrawing the penis from the partner just before ejaculating follow by ejaculating into a clean sample cup

Coitus interruptus

use nonlubricant containing rubber or polyurethane condom

Condom method

electro-ejaculation used in paralegics

Assisted ejaculation

Normal color of semen

Gray-white translucent Pearly white colorless to creamy white

Odor

Musty bleach/ chlorox odor

Increased white turbidity

Infection Increase WBC

Red Coloration

Increased RBC

Yellow Coloration

Increased contamination urine contamination medication

Sperm Motility Examine under _______ and report the number of motile and non-motile sperms in percemtage.

HPO

Sperm Motility Within ______ hour of collection, check the percentage of motility and repeat after four hours.

one hour

Sperm Motility Within one hour of collection, check the percentage of motility and repeat after ______ hours.

four hours

Macroscopic/ Physical Examination Parameters reported: semen analysis

Appearance / color Volume Vicosity Liquifaction pH

Microscopic Parameters reported: semen analysis

Motility Viability Sperm morphology Sperm concentration and count

Volume: normal

2-5mL

Volume increase in

abstinence

Volume decrease in

Infertility Incomplete collection

Viscosity: normal

Pour in droplets (highly viscous)

Viscosity: Increased viscosity

Decreased sperm motility

Viscosity reporting

0- watery 4- gel-like

pH normal

7.2 to 8.0 pH 7.3 to 8.3 pH

Increase pH

Infection

Decreased pH

Increase prostatic fluid

Sperm Motility Grading: These sperms have progressive motility. They are the strongest and swim fast in a straight line.

Grade A (straight motility)

Sperm Motility Grading: These sperms with non-progressive. motility tends to travel in a curved or crooked motion.

Grade B (lateral motion)

Sperm Motility Grading: These sperms either move their tail or are immotile.

Grade C (near to death)

Test used for semen analysis

Modified bloom’s test

Modified bloom’s test reagent

Eosin and nigrosin

Modified blooms test count of sperm

100 sperm

Modified bloom’s test living sperm color:

unstained, bluish white (75%)

Modified bloom’s test dead sperm color

Red

Seminal Fluid Fructose Normal Value:

Greater or equal to 13 umol/ejaculate

SPERM VIABILITY screening test:

Seminal Fluid Fructose

Seminal Fluid Fructose test:

Resorcinol test

Resorcinol test possitiv result

orange-red Color

Part of sperm

Head Tail Mid piece

Head Normal:

Oval shaped

Head abnormal:

Poor ovum penetration

Midpiece contain

mitochondria

Tail abnormal:

poor motility

Hardening of the veins that drain the testes

Varicocele

Most common cause of male infertility

Varicocele

Sperm head: tapered

Varicocele

Sperm Viability: Prepare a _____ smear of seminal fluid.

thin

Sperm Viability: Heat fix using________.

alcohol lamp

Sperm Viability: Cover and read under ______.

OIO

Sperm Morphology: Stain the smears by___________.

gram’s method

Sperm Morphology: Examine under

OIO

Sperm Morphology cell count

200 count

Sperm Morphology reports

epithelial cells, testicular cells, RBCs, WBCs crystals

Routine criteria

> 30% normal forms <50% abnormal forms

Kruger’s strict criteria

>14% normal forms < 70% abnormal

Measure the head, neck, and tail using a

Micrometer

Stains can be used

Wright’s stain Giemsa stain Hematoxylin Crystal violet Papanicolau’s stain- stain of choice

Sperm Concentration Normal Value:

20-160 million/mL

Sperm Concentration method:

Improved Neubauer Counting Chamber

Sperm Concentration dilution

1:20

Sperm Concentration diluent:

immobilize the sperm

Sperm Concentration: others diluent

Cold water 1% formalin 5% sodium bicarbonate

Cold water with

5% NaHCO3 in 1% phenol

1% Formalin with

1% formalin in trisodium citrate

5% Sodium bicarbonate with

0.5% chlorozene

For undiluted sample

Makler Counting Chamber

Uses heat to immobilize the sperm cells

Makler counting chamber

Common abnormalities of sperm heads and tails:

Double head Giant head Amorphous head Pinhead Tapered head Constricted head Double tail Coiled tail Spermatid

Total Sperm Count :

sperm conc. x specimen vol.

Only ____ developed sperm should be counted

fully developed

immature form

Round cells

>1 million leukocytes/mL indicates

inflammation or infection of the reproductive organs

>1 million leukocytes/mL ; inflammation or infection of the reproductive organs lead to

Infertility

2 WBC squares formula

Num. sperm x100,000 = sperm M/mL

5 RBC squares formula

Num. cell count x 1,000,000 = sperm M/mL

4 WBC square formula

Num. sperm count x 50,000 = sperm M/mL

Standard Neubauer Calculation Formula)

Specimen conc. = num. cell x dilution/ num. square count x 0.1

Sperm Count Normal Value:

>/= 40 million/ ejaculate

Sperm Count formula:

Sperm count: sperm conc. X sperm vol.

Makler Chamber: ul of semen

10 ul

Makler Chamber: allow ____ Min of settle and spread evenly

1 min

Makler Chamber: use ______ objective

X20

Makler Chamber: A row of ____ squares

10 square

Makler Chamber: Usually ___ to ___ randomly selected rows are read

3 to 5 randomly selected

Makler Chamber: If < 5 sperms per row of 10 squares is seen, then the entire grid is _____.

counted