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4. AUBF > Miscellanous: Sputum > Flashcards

Miscellanous: Sputum Flashcards

1
Q

SPUTUM derived from

A

alveoli, trachea, bronchi of the pulmonary tract.

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2
Q

Secretion of the goblet cells (lining the respiratory tract)

A

Sputum

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3
Q

Sputum Normal Condition:

A

mucus secretion of goblet cells
other organs associated with respir epithelium

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4
Q

Hallmark of sputum

A

Dust cell

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5
Q

Macrophages with carbon deposits

A

Ducts cell

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6
Q

SPUTUM: Preservation

A

Refrigeration
Use 10% formaldehyde

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7
Q

SPUTUM COLLECTION:
Obtaining a Sputum Sample

A

Mouth should be free from foreign objects
Early morning specimen
Induce sputum
Cough into sterile cup

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8
Q

Patient should be instructed to cough up the sputum which is then collected in __________, _________, _________________ or ___________

A

clean, sterile, wide mouth bottle or disposable plastic containers.

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9
Q

NEVER USE ______ CUPS

A

PAPER

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10
Q

Culture specimen transport to laboratory

A

Sputum gram stain

Anaerobic culture

Aerobic culture specimen
Tuberculosis culture

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11
Q

Physical Characteristics of sputum

A

Quantity/Volume
Consistency
Reaction
Turbidity
Odor
Color

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12
Q

Volume of sputum

A

No specific volume

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13
Q

Small amount- not always normal
Dse. Associated:

A

a. early PTB
b. acute bronchitis
c. pneumonia

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14
Q

Over 100cc/24hrs
Dse. Associated:

A

pulmonary edema
Broncheictasis- characterized by bronchial dilatations/swelling of bronchi
Lung abscess - lesion of lungs

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15
Q

Over 500cc/ 24hrs
Dse. Associated:

A

Amoebic abscess - infection parasites

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16
Q

Over 1,000cc/ 24hrs
Dse. Associated:

A

severe broncheictasis
cavity TB - hole on lungs
Acute edema of lungs
Chronic bronchitis

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17
Q

characterized by bronchial dilatations/swelling of bronchi

A

Bronchiectasis

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18
Q

lesion on the lungs because of infection.

A

Lung abscess

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19
Q

Frothy sputum or serouf

A

Pulmonary edema

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20
Q

infection caused by parasite

A

Amoebic abscess

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21
Q

hole on lungs/ white spots on the lungs

A

Cavity TB

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22
Q

Consistency: sialic acid is responsible for sputum’s viscosity

A

Watery

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23
Q

Consistency: Blood-gelatinous sputum (Currant-Jelly) disease

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
Pneumococcal pneumonia

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24
Q

Consistency: Cloudy, mucoid sputum disease

A

Chronic bronchitis

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25
Q

Consistency: Three layered appearance (stagnant, purulent sputum)

A

Bronchiectasis
Lung abscess

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26
Q

Consistency: vFollows asthma exacerbation

A

Stringy mucoid sputum/ frothy

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27
Q

Reaction of sputum

A

Slightly acidic

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28
Q

Reaction of pH

A

6.5-7.0

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29
Q

Turbidity: Frothy sputum or serous (air bubble, hemoglobin)

A

Pulmonary edema

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30
Q

Turbidity: mucoid disease

A

•Bronchiectasis
•TB with cavities

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31
Q

Turbidity: Foamy, clear materials

A

Saliva
Nasal secretion

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32
Q

Normal odor of sputum

A

Odorless

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33
Q

Abnormally odor: In pulmonary tuberculosis with cavities, bronchiectasis, bronchomoniliasis

A

Sweetish

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34
Q

Abnormally odor: Usually due to Fusobacteria & Spirochetes found in mouth, or anaerobic infections within the lung,
lung abscess and necrotizing bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Putrid or foul

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35
Q

Abnormally odor: In necrosis or malignant tumors and perforating emphysema

A

Cheesy odor

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36
Q

Abnormally odor: Rupture sunphrenic or liver abscess and in enteric gram negative products

A

Fecal odor

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37
Q

Color: When made of mucus only

A

Colorless/translucent/opaque

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38
Q

Color: When pus is present, seen in advance pulmonary tuberculosis,
chronic bronchitis, jaundice and lobar pneumonia

A

White or yellow

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39
Q

Color: When pus and epithelial cells are present

A

Gray

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40
Q

Color: When bile is present as in jaundice, rupture of the liver abscess into
the lungs and infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Bright green or greenish

41
Q

Color: bright green or greenish When bile is present as in jaundice, rupture of the liver abscess into
the lungs and infection caused by___________

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

42
Q

Color: When there is fresh blood or new hemorrhage. If blood streaks are
present, it is indicative of pulmonary tuberculosis or bronchiectasis

A

Red or bright red

43
Q

Color: When old blood is present, seen in pneumonia, pulmonary gangrene,
rupture of amoebic abscess of the liver into the lung or pigmented
cells in chronic passive congestion, due to cardiac pigment after
hemorrhage from the lung pulmonary infarction.

A

Anchovy sauce/ rusty brown

44
Q

Color: Pneumonia and chronic cancer of the lungs

A

Prune juice

45
Q

Color: Lobar pneumonia

46
Q

Color: cancer

A

Olive green/ grass green

47
Q

Color: Indicates inhalation of dust or dirt, carbon, charcoal, in cases like
anthracosis and heavy smokers.

48
Q

Color: Due to destruction of neutrophils and release of verdo peroxidase

A

Yellow green

49
Q

Macroscopic structures

A

Cheesy masses
Curschmann’s spiral
Bronchial cast
Dittrich’s bodies/ plugs
Lung stone
Foreign bodies
Parasites

50
Q

Fragments of necrotic tissue, pulmonary tissue or bits
cartilaginous rings, from pin-point to pin size.

A

Cheesy masses

51
Q

Present in so-called nummular sputum from a tuberculosis
cavity, pulmonary gangrene, abscess of the lungs and
actinomyccosis

A

Cheesy masses

52
Q

Seen in bronchial asthma

A

Curschmann’s spiral

53
Q

Yellowish-white, spirally twisted mucoid strands

A

Curschmann’s spiral

54
Q

These are branching tree-like casts of the bronchi, seen in lobar pneumonia, fibrinous bronchitis and diphtheria

A

Bronchial cast

55
Q

Yellow of gray caseous masses, seen in asthma, putrid bronchitis

A

Dittrich’s bodies/plug

56
Q

• Pinhead and Emits a foul odor when crushed

A

Dittrich’s bodies/plugs

57
Q

Small calcified nodules or stagnant contents of cavities or dilated bronchi or calcified tuberculosis tissue . Sometimes
the core is a small foreign body or a fungal growth.

A

Lung stone

58
Q

Lung stone two liths

A

Bronchioliths or pneumoliths

59
Q

Include concretions formed in the bronchi made of calcium carbonate and phosphate and aspirated substances such as: pollen, seeds, dust

A

Foreign bodies

60
Q

Parasite includes in sputum

A

Echinococcus granulosus, paragonimus westermanii, & toxoplasma canis

61
Q

Must be treated first with KOH or
NaOH to dissolve the mucus

A

Elastic fiber
Curschmann spiral
Crystal
Myelin globules
Actinomyces hominis
Moulds and Yeast
Creola Bodies
Blood Cells

62
Q

Normally present in the walls of the alveoli, bronchioles and the blood vessels

A

Elastic fiber

63
Q

Yellow, wavy threads; Usually coiled into balls, seen in
bright colorless with central
lines

A

Curschmann’s spiral

64
Q

Indicates stasis and decomposition of the sputum in the body or in an
old specimen that is often unsatisfactory

65
Q

Seen in bronchial asthma, arises from the disintegration of
eosinophil

A

Charcot leyden crystals

66
Q

Stains black in hematoxylin and red with eosin

A

Charcot leyden crystal

67
Q

Often octahedral and/or hexagonal in shape

A

Charcot leyden crystal

68
Q

Rhombic and brownish red

A

Hematoidin

69
Q

Arranged in rosettes

A

Hematoidin

70
Q

Resulted down from breaking down of old blood and are found in
pulmonary infections, lung abscess, pulmonary infarction

A

Hematoidin

71
Q

Colorless, thin, rhombic plates with
notched corner. This indicates stasis with
fatty degeneration of exudates and are
often in lung abscess and emphysema

A

Cholesterol crystal

72
Q

Long, colorless needles, arranged in seeves

A

Fatty acid crystal

73
Q

Also indicates stasis with fatty degeneration of
exudates and are often in lung abscess

A

Fatty acid crystal

74
Q

Heart failure cell
Blood pigmented cells, chiefly

A

Hemosiderin

75
Q

Appears as round grayish or colorless; Diffuse staining; Found in congestive heart failure

A

Heart failure cells

76
Q

Contain carbon and are less important
; Appears as angular black granules both intracellular and extracellular

A

Carbon laden crystal

77
Q

Seen in anthracosis, heavy tobacco smokers and in people living in
smoky atmosphere

A

Carbon-laden crystal

78
Q

3 Layers of Sputum after Standing (After 24 hours of standing)

A

Carbohydrates mucus layer (upper)
Opaque watery material (mid)
Sediment ( bottom)

79
Q

With little or no clinical significance; Colorless, round, oval or ear-shaped globules of various sizes

A

Myelin globules

80
Q

Reported in order to minimize confusions with more important
structures like Blastomyces.

A

Myelin globules

81
Q

Resembles fat droplets and yeast-like fungi

A

Myelin globules

82
Q

Large structures show peculiar concentric or irregular spiral markings

A

Myelin globules

83
Q

Abundant in the scanty morning sputum of health persons and may be found in closely packed sputum

A

Myelin globules

84
Q

Absent or scarce in specimens with inflammatory exudates

A

Myelin globules

85
Q

Small and yellowish structures with sulphur granules which can be seen with unaided eye

A

Actinomyces hominis

86
Q

consist of a network of threads having more or less radial arrangement

A

Actinomyces hominis

87
Q

Seen better by running small amount of eosin in alcohol solution and glycerin under the cover glass

A

Actinomyces hominis

88
Q

Seen in Actinomycotic pulmonary infection

A

Actinomyces hominis

89
Q

Hyphae are rods usually jointed or branched and often arranged in meshwork (mycelium)

A

Mould and yeast

90
Q

Spores are highly refractive spheres and ovoid

A

Moulds and yeast

91
Q

Seen in pneumomycosis specifically infection by Aspergillus fumigatus

A

Moulds and yeast

92
Q

Grows in sputum upon long standing of tuberculosis specimen

A

Moulds and yeast

93
Q

Cluster of ciliated columnar cells found in the sputum of asthmatic patients

A

Creola Bodies

94
Q

Major blood present in sputum & Markedly increased when pus is present

A

Leukocytes

95
Q

Eosinophil are commonly seen in allergic patients (asthma) and can be demonstrated by Wright’s stain

A

Leukocytes

96
Q

Present in lung hemorrhage, pulmonary tuberculosis, and
Paragonimus westermanit infection

A

Erythrocytes

97
Q

Detected by Guaiac or benzidine tests or presence of blood derivatives such as hemosiderin

A

Erythrocytes

98
Q

erythrocyte Detected by _________ or ________ tests or presence of blood derivatives such as hemosiderin

A

Guaiac or benzidine

99
Q

Erythrocytes Detected by Guaiac or benzidine tests or presence of blood derivatives such as ____________

A

hemosiderin

4. AUBF (7 decks)

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