Semantics 2.4-6

Question 1

Proposition is made up of

Answer 1

subject and a predicate

Question 2

Argument

Answer 2

any of the noun phrases in a clause that are related directly to the verb, typically the subject, direct object, and indirect object

Question 3

Can predicates and arguments be true or false?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

understanding a statement =

Answer 4

knowing what the world would be like if that proposition were true- so knowing the truth conditions

Question 5

Entailment

Answer 5

If P is true then Q must be true

Question 6

Paraphrase

Answer 6

P is true iff Q is true (so essentially are equal)

Question 7

Contradiction

Answer 7

If p is true then Q is false

Question 8

Love and devour are…

Answer 8

2 place predicates

Question 9

give and persuade are

Answer 9

3 place predicates

Question 10

sleep is

Answer 10

1 place predicate

Question 11

Relationships between individuals can be

Answer 11

static or dynamic/ describing state or event

Question 12

Agent

Answer 12

animate individual like Jeremy sang

Question 13

Cause

Answer 13

The wind blew the slates off the roof

Question 14

Patient

Answer 14

Jezz sang a song- affected object

Question 15

Instrument

Answer 15

the key opened the lock- means with which an agent does something

Question 16

Theme

Answer 16

the child goes down- object, location/ status change

Question 17

Source

Answer 17

Michael left the monastery

Question 18

Goal

Answer 18

end location of a theme

Question 19

Benefactive

Answer 19

for/ because of something

Question 20

Comitative

Answer 20

I went with Clive

Question 21

Syntactic categories hierarchy

Answer 21

subject>DO>IDO>oblique

Question 22

Semantic category hierarchy

Answer 22

Agent>experiencer>theme>patient>goal/location

Question 23

Agents/ causes are always

Answer 23

subject (barring passive)

Question 24

Patients are always

Answer 24

objects (barring passive)

Question 25

themes are

Answer 25

objects

Question 26

Idioms can be

Answer 26

discontinuous, ie have holes in them, the meaning has to be stored in our lexicon

Question 27

the interpretation of lexical items is

Answer 27

context sensitive

Question 28

caboodle terms

Answer 28

dont have regular meaning and can only be interpreted in a given environment

Question 29

Is an argument necessary

Answer 29

yes!

Question 30

Is a modifier necessary

Answer 30

no!

Question 31

What is a modifier?

Answer 31

it changes the meaning of another element in the structure

Question 32

different argument structure for

Answer 32

passive and active verbs

Question 33

Predicate 1: Stative

Answer 33

the soup is cool

Question 34

Predicate 2: inchoative

Answer 34

the soup is cooled

Question 35

Predicate 3: Causative

Answer 35

the chef cooled the soup

Question 36

example of entailement

Answer 36

I just bought a newspaper

I have a newspaper

Question 37

experiencer

Answer 37

an individual in whom an object or event induces some mental state

Question 38

does the agent have to be expressed by in a passive?

Answer 38

no but if it is a modifier does that

Question 39

causative results in

Answer 39

an inchoative

Question 40

inchoative results in

Answer 40

a stative

Question 41

propositional attitudes

Answer 41

when an individual stands in relation to a proposition

Question 42

examples of propositional attitudes

Answer 42

an individual can stand in relation to a proposition