Semantics 2.1-2.3

Question 1

Productivity

Answer 1

we haven’t wrote-learned what all conceivable utterances, languages are productive in nature
We combine utterances to create new ones

Question 2

Principle of compositionally

Answer 2

Meaning of complex expressions are determined by the meaning of the simpler expressions and how they combine

Question 3

Lexical semantics

Answer 3

what info about lexical meaning do we store in our lexicon?

Question 4

Compositional semantics

Answer 4

how do we predict the meaning of complex expressions

Question 5

Linguistic meaning relates to

Answer 5

Mental constructs so linguistic meaning is part of implicit knowledge

Question 6

Prototype effect

Answer 6

Given two examples of the same concept we find one that is more ‘prototypical’

Question 7

Concepts are

Answer 7

relational, they are defined with relation to one another

So we reason with them

Question 8

Hyperonym

Answer 8

Animal is a _ of dog

Question 9

Hyponym

Answer 9

Dog is a _ of Animal

Question 10

Nose is a _ of Dog

Answer 10

Meronym

Question 11

The relation between the categories is transitive so…

Answer 11

they can be put into hierarchy

Question 12

Lexical decomposition

Answer 12

breaking down complex concepts into simpler primitives

Question 13

Inductive reasoning

Answer 13

A specific conclusion is obtained based on combining multiple premises

Question 14

Inductive richness

Answer 14

Bird is inductively richer than Animal

Question 15

cooperative speakers pick out

Answer 15

the most prototypical ‘dog’ unless otherwise specified

Question 16

Using a proper name presupposes what?

Answer 16

That the hearer can identify the object picked out by that name

Question 17

Before using common ground we have to

Answer 17

have beliefs about the hearers knowledge of the concept

Question 18

Individuals have

Answer 18

properties

Question 19

Predicate

Answer 19

Semantic category that denotes the property of being what it is

Question 20

Mental models are what in nature?

Answer 20

recursive

Question 21

Theory of mind

Answer 21

Sits at the centre of referring expressions and involves recognising others have beliefs

Question 22

What is reference?

Answer 22

Understood as relation between a linguistic form and a real world object

Question 23

Fictional objects have

Answer 23

intensions but no extensions

Question 24

Extensions

Answer 24

shift with context