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Linguistics > Semantics > Flashcards

Semantics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Semantics

A

A subfield that studies meaning in language

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2
Q

What is Reference

A

Using language to “name” the world; what languages refer to in the real world

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3
Q

What is Sense

A

The mental representation of meaning; e.g. Santa Claus

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4
Q

A dictionary relies on our knowledge of the language and the world to understand definitions

A

A dictionary relies on our knowledge of the language and the world to understand definitions

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5
Q

What is Synonymy

A

the relationship between two or more words that have similar or very closely related meanings

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6
Q

What is Antonymy

A

Words that are opposite in meaning

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7
Q

What are gradable antonyms

A

words used to describe states between the two extremes

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8
Q

What are non-gradable antonyms

A

no middle ground between words in pair of antonyms

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9
Q

What are reversives

A

pairs of words that suggest some kind of movement (left/right)

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10
Q

What are relational opposites

A

words that display symmetry in meaning

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11
Q

What is Homophony

A

words that have same pronunciation but differ in written form

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12
Q

What is Homonymy

A

When a single word form has two or more entirely distinct meanings and are conceptually unrelated

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13
Q

What is Hyponymy

A

Relationship between more general term and the more specific instances of it

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14
Q

What is Hyponym and superordinate

A

Hyponym: more specific word
Superordinate: more general term

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15
Q

What is Polysemy

A

One word having multiple meanings that are related conceptually or historically (e.g. head)

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16
Q

What is Metonymy

A

Metonym is word used to replace another word or expression with which it is closely associated (bottle = wine)

17
Q

What does it mean when two sentences have a relationship of paraphrase

A

Synonymous (both sentences have the same meaning)

18
Q

what does it mean when two sentences have a relationship of contradiction

A

if sentence A is true, sentence B is false

19
Q

what does it mean when two sentences have a relationship of Entailment

A

A entails B, then B is what A logically follows; but only A entails B but not the other way around

20
Q

What are the two ways of a sentence having ambiguity

A

Lexical ambiguity: at least one word in a phrase has more than one meaning
Structural ambiguity: when a sentence has more than one meaning

Linguistics (11 decks)

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