Semantics

Question 1

lexical ambiguity

Answer 1

a word is lexically ambiguous if it has more than one sense (fly: an insect, a zipper, a ball)

Question 2

hyponym

Answer 2

contains the meaning of a more general word, with some additional features (usually more specific)

Question 3

superordinate

Answer 3

a word with a general meaning, which is contained in more specific hyponyms

Question 4

overlap

Answer 4

two or more words overlap in meaning if they have the same value for some (but not all) of their semantic features

Question 5

connotations

Answer 5

the associations that speakers have with a word

Question 6

synonyms

Answer 6

two words are synonymous if they have the same sense, but there are no absolute synonyms (context)

Question 7

binary antonyms

Answer 7

only 2 choices (either dead or alive)

Question 8

gradable antonyms

Answer 8

describes opposite ends of a continuous range (hot and cold)

Question 9

converse antonyms

Answer 9

describe the relationship between 2 items from opposite perspectives (above and below)

Question 10

referent

Answer 10

particular noun being identified (that bird)

Question 11

extension

Answer 11

set of all potential referents (all birds)

Question 12

prototype

Answer 12

a typical member of the extension (robin, bluebird, finch, etc.)

Question 13

stereotype

Answer 13

list of characteristics describing a prototype

Question 14

coreference

Answer 14

two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity

Question 15

anaphora

Answer 15

a linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression (pronouns)

Question 16

deixis

Answer 16

an expression that has one meaning but can refer to different entities depending on the speaker’s placement (here and there, left and right)