First Language Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

Vowel acquisition

A

/a, i, u/ acquired earliest
Extreme values and most common among world’s languages

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2
Q

Consonant acquisition

A

/p, b, m, w/ acquired earliest
Articulation acquired from front of mouth to the back

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3
Q

Gliding

A

A glide (typically /w/) substitutes for a liquid (/l/ or /r/)

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4
Q

Stopping

A

Substitution of a stop (typically /d/) for a fricative (theta, eth, /z/, /s/, etc)

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5
Q

Fronting

A

Replaces a palatal or velar consonant with one that has a more forward place of articulation (/d/ instead of /g/)

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6
Q

Consonant harmony

A

A consonant in one syllable assimilates to a consonant in another syllable (goggie instead of doggie)

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7
Q

Prevocalic voicing

A

A voiceless consonant in front of a vowel is replaced by a voiced consonant (gow instead of cow)

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8
Q

Final devoicing

A

A voiced consonant at the end of a word is replaced by a voiceless consonant (bet instead of bed)

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9
Q

Syllable structures

A

(C)V
CV
CVC
CVCC
CCVCC

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10
Q

Simplification

A

reduction of consonant clusters

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11
Q

Epenthesis

A

insertion of a vowel to break up a consonant cluster

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12
Q

Reduplication

A

syllable repetition

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13
Q

Final consonant reduction

A

deletes a post-vocalic word-final obstruent

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14
Q

Blending

A

combines features of two adjacent segments into a single segment

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15
Q

Order of acquiring inflectional morphemes

A

The smaller the domain to which an affix applies, the earlier an affix is acquired
{PLU} (nouns)
{POSS} (noun phrases)
{PRES} (sentences)

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16
Q

Overgeneralization

A

using a word to refer to more things than it does in an adult’s lexicon

17
Q

Narrowing

A

moving from overgeneralization to proper usage over time

18
Q

Basic-level terms

A

words that are intermediates between very general and very specific terms

19
Q

positive member

A

an antonym that carries fewer presuppositions than its opposite (tall)

20
Q

negative member

A

an antonym that carries more presuppositions than its opposite (short)

21
Q

passive sentences

A

interpreted as if they were active by children as old as 4 or 5

22
Q

bare infinitive

A

an infinitive verb form with no overt subject

23
Q

minimum distance principle

A

the subject of a bare infinitive is assumed to be the closest NP to its left

24
Q

temporal sentences (before and after)

A

interpreted via order of mention (event in first clause happened first, event in second clause happened second)

25
nativism
Mentalism Mind has more innate structure Language acquisition primarily biologically determined, language is acquired Chomsky
26
empiricism
Behaviorism Mind has less innate structure Language acquisition primarily culturally determined, language is learned
27
arguments for nativism
Complexity of acquired structures Fixed onset and development Rapidity of acquisition Language universals Independence of instruction Independence of intelligence and motivation