Language Variation

Question 1

idiolect

Answer 1

the linguistic system of a particular speaker

Question 2

isogloss

Answer 2

a line that separates areas of variation

Question 3

nonstandard dialect

Answer 3

draws negative attention to itself, speakers judged as being of a lower status/education

Question 4

pidgin

Answer 4

a system used when speakers of different languages come into contact through trade

Question 5

creole

Answer 5

a language that develops from a pidgin into a more complex system and becomes the native language of a later generation

Question 6

registers

Answer 6

different styles within the same language, depending on the occasion and participants (formal to informal)

Question 7

universals (color)

Answer 7

black, white, red

Question 8

language universals

Answer 8

categories of phonology, morphology, semantics, and syntax
nouns and verbs
at least one voiceless stop
syllables of CV form
pronoun categories with 3 persons and 2 numbers

Question 9

linking

Answer 9

a vowel-vowel sequence between words is linked with an [r] (that idear is)

Question 10

consonant epenthesis

Answer 10

a consonant is inserted to break up a series of two vowels

Question 11

vowel epenthesis

Answer 11

a vowel is inserted to break up a series of two consonants

Question 12

neutralization

Answer 12

two segments lose their contrast in a particular phonetic environment

Question 13

vocalization

Answer 13

turns a post-vocalic liquid (/r/ or /l/) into a vowel

Question 14

voicing assimilation

Answer 14

changes the voicing feature of an obstruent (stop, fricative, or affricate) to match that of an adjacent segment

Question 15

monophthongization

Answer 15

changing pronunciation of a diphthong so the second element is lost