semantic acquisition Flashcards
what does overextension mean?
logically expand a word’s meaning to things with similar qualities.
what does underextension mean?
giving a narrower meaning to something, eg only calling a toy duck a ‘duck’ but not a real duck.
what does overextension and underextension show?
children are active participants in learning language.
what sort of words are learnt first and why?
nouns because their meaning doesn’t change, whereas pronouns and some verbs change depending on context.
what are Nelson’s 4 categories of first words?
naming, action, modifiers, social.
60% are naming.
who came up with the 3 types of overextension?
Rescorla.
what are the 3 types of overextension and an example?
categorical - clear category, eg apple to describe all fruit.
analogical - some physical or functional similarity, eg dog to describe soft blanket.
statements - 1 word sentence linking 2 ideas, doggy when seeing dog bed.
what’s Aitchison’s first stage of development?
labelling.
what’s Aitchison’s second stage of development?
packaging - learning range of a word’s meaning (over and underextending)
what’s Aitchison’s third stage of development?
networking - learning connections between words.
what does Aitchison say develops at 18 months?
naming insight which is followed by naming explosion.
What are Halliday’s 7 functions?
instrumental, regulatory, personal, representative, imaginary, heuristic, interactional.
what does Piaget say shapes language?
environment and social interactions. comes with understanding of concepts surrounding word’s meaning.
what are Piaget’s 4 stages of development?
sensorimotor (0-2yrs) - object permanence developing
preoperational (2-7yrs) - egocentric lang due to solipsism
concrete operational (7-12yrs) - more logical abt events,
formal operational (12+) - abstract reasoning skills develop.
what did Clark find were more likely to be first words and why?
“big” and “nice” rather than “thick” or “wide” due to spatial adjectives being harder to understand.
