grammatical acquisition

Question 1

what do syntactical advances allow for?

Answer 1

order words into phrases and clauses and make different utterances such as simple, compound, interrogative, imperative, declarative.

Question 2

what does inflectional morphology allow for?

Answer 2

add inflections, creating tense, plurals, possession.

Question 3

what does derivational morphology allow for?

Answer 3

add prefixes and suffixes to convert words to different class.

Question 4

explain grammar in holophrastic stage.

Answer 4

single words convey complex messages, actively learning. use intonation. one word multiple meanings.

Question 5

explain grammar in two-word stage.

Answer 5

loosely pair holophrases together becoming more advanced, usually subject+verb or verb+object. needs basic understanding of grammar. lexicon = around 50

Question 6

explain grammar in telegraphic stage.

Answer 6

combine 3+ words, meanings more explicit. function words left out (determiners and copula verbs)

Question 7

explain grammar in post-telegraphic stage.

Answer 7

function words used more accurately. combine clauses, subordinating conjunctions, noun phrases.

Question 8

how is formation of questions developed?

Answer 8

in 1/2 word stages, rising intonation. by telegraphic, yes/no interrogatives formed. changes syntax and use of auxiliary verbs.

Question 9

what order are interrogative words formed and why that order?

Answer 9

what, where, why, when. what is much easier to understand than why.

Question 10

what is an auxiliary verb?

Answer 10

helper verb to main verb, may express tense, modality or emphasis.

Question 11

what does MLU stand for?

Answer 11

mean length of utterance.

Question 12

what is a copula verb?

Answer 12

linking subject to identity or description.

Question 13

what is a morpheme?

Answer 13

smallest individual thing that has meaning and cannot be broken down further.

Question 14

what is a free morpheme?

Answer 14

can stand alone as a word e.g dog.

Question 15

what is a bound morpheme?

Answer 15

can’t exist outside of word e.g ism, anti.

Question 16

what is a virtuous error?

Answer 16

child logically applying general rule to irregular.

Question 17

who came up with the 3 stages of negation?

Answer 17

Bellugi.

Question 18

first stage of negation?

Answer 18

uses “no” or “not” at start or end of utterance.

Question 19

second stage of negation?

Answer 19

uses “no” or “not” inside of sentence.

Question 20

third stage of negation?

Answer 20

attach negative to auxiliary and copula verb. need syntactic awareness

Question 21

explain Bellugi’s 3 stages of pronouns.

Answer 21

1) child uses own name. 2) i/me pronoun being used in different places is recognised. 3)uses pronouns based on subject or object position.

Question 21

why do children struggle to learn pronouns?

Answer 21

they change situationally. not concrete.

Question 21

describe Cruttenden’s overgeneralisation stages.

Answer 21

1) words memorised on individual basis, no regard for rules. eg feet, ran.
2) aware of general rules and overgeneralise, eg runned, foots.
3) correct inflections for irregulars learnt.

Question 22

what do Cruttenden’s stages show about children?

Answer 22

they are creative in learning and using language.

Question 23

who came up with the WUG test?

Answer 23

Berko Gleason

Question 24

what did the WUG test show?

Answer 24

children don’t just copy adults, they are creative. apply grammatical rules to imaginary words.

Question 25

what does Brown say about 2 words being joined?

Answer 25

explores combinations. all countries and cultures make same relationships between concepts.

Question 26

4 examples of Brown’s meaning relations?

Answer 26

negation, recurrence, agent + action, action + affected.

Question 27

what is a hypernym?

Answer 27

overall category such as fruit.

Question 28

what is a hyponym?

Answer 28

specific thing within category such as banana.