learning spellings Flashcards
what is a grapheme?
individual mark including letters, punctuation and emojis.
what symbols do you use when quoting a grapheme?
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what is orthography?
conventions of writing e.g spelling, punctuation, capitalisation.
what is a diagraph?
a single phoneme that is represented by two graphemes.
reasons why spelling is hard to learn?
graphemes do not always represent same sound, same phoneme can be represented by different graphemes, variety of pronunciations but 1 accepted spelling (standardised), diagraphs.
how does learning to write differ to learning to speak?
writing is not automatic and has to be explicitly taught, comes after speech.
2 reasons why may spelling be so hard?
26 letters but 44 phonemes, english taken from many different languages with different phonemic systems.
7 stages of writing development?
scribbling, mock handwriting, mock letters, conventional letters, semi-phonetic, phonetic, competent.
in the exam which 3 stages is child most likely to be in one of?
semi-phonetic, phonetic or competent.
what is it called when a child adds extra graphemes to a word?
insertion.
what’s an example of insertion?
writing ‘off’ instead of ‘of’
what is it called when a child misses out a grapheme?
omission.
what’s an example of omission?
ocurring instead of occurring
what’s it called when one grapheme is replaced with another?
substitution.
what’s an example of substitution?
definate instead of definite
what’s it called when graphemes are placed in a different place within a word?
transposition
what’s an example of transposition?
lable for label
what is phonetic spelling?
when a child spells a word how it sounds phonemically.
example of phonetic spelling?
fink instead of think
what is overgeneralisation of spelling rules?
when a spelling rule is applied to an irregular.
what’s an example of overgeneralisation?
publick instead of public.
what is saliency?
only key sounds are written.
what’s an example of saliency?
rpblik instead of republic.
why are subject specific lexis often spelt correctly?
help from more knowledgeable others.
why could it take a little while for children to start writing?
they need the motor skills to be able to make graphemes legible.
