sem.2.quarter4. test1 Flashcards
Artaxerxes
weak king of Persia-could not stop the 10,000 Greeks from marching home and he lost control of Persia
March of the 10,000
10,000 Greeks refused to surrender to Artaxerexes and in September 401 they marched through rough conditions back home
King’s Peace
peace between Athens/Sparta. initiated by Artaxerxes
Philip of Macedon
father of Alexander. King of Macedonia. triumphed over land-Alexander was worried. killed by Pausanias. ruined relationship with Alexander because he married again
Olympias
wife of Philip. mother of Alexander. slept with snakes. Greek
Alexander the Great (III)
son of Olympias/Philip. part Greek. Believed he was a god. great military leader. ruled/conquered a vast empire
Bucephalas
horse that Alexander gained control of by turning him away from his shadow–> strategist
Hephaestion
Alexander’s closest friend. trusted general, and boyhood lover
Aristotle
politician. tutored Alexander “taught him to live life”. philosopher. touched on ethics, politics, embryology, astronomy, botany, magnets, history, zoology, rhetoric, poetry, curiosity. taught Alexander to make no assumptions, every situation was different, organize and analyze facts before drawing conclusions. taught alexander in the Precinct of the Nymphs in the Gardens of Midas.
Battle of Chaeronea
- Macedonia against Athenians and Thebans. 1.) Alexander rose to military fame. 2.) end of an era-Greeks would never again be free of bondage
Corinthian League
all Greek cities joined except Sparta. suggested/ruled by Philip. its purpose was to attack Persia
Parmenio
an advisor to Alexander and Philip. advised Alexander not to charge the Persian line making himself a target with the large white plume at the Granicus River-not listened to. Killed along with his son for being “disloyal”
Achaemenid Empire
“Persian Empire”. started by Cyrus the Great. When Darius took control he divided it into 20 provinces.
Darius III.
Kodomannos. puppet of Bagoas. killed Bagoas and became king of Persia. rival of Alexander the Great
Hellespont
narrow passage across the Aegean Sea. crossed by Alexander the Great to get to the Persians in 334
Granicus River
first conflict with Alexander leading the Macedonians against the Persians. Alexander himself led his men across to defeat the Persians.
Tyre
- Alexander led a 7 month long siege on the supposedly unconquerable city. He was so frustrated that he let his men massacre most of the city
Issus
river that the navies met at. very small so like Thermopylae it did not help the large Persian navy
Lord of the Continent of Asia
the name Alexander gave himself and wanted Darius to call him in exchange to sign a treaty-didn’t happen
Siwa
the oasis of Zeus-Ammon where Alexander went to learn if he would conquer the world, if all of his father’s murders had been killed, and if he was the son of Zeus. The answer to all of these questions was yes
Zeus-Ammon
Alexander the was told he was the son of this god
Gaugamela
Persians were defeated by the Macedonians. Persians used the scythed chariots. But Alexander won out, Darius fled and left his family behind
Persepolis
capital of Achaemenid Empire, burned by Alexander the Great during a drunken party.
Mallia
Alexander charged the wall alone against advisement. he was shot in the chest with an arrow and it perforated his lung. he was severely weakened and never fully recovered
Babylon
where Alexander became deathly ill and died
Euclid
Greek who lived and worked in Alexandria, Egypt. “Father of Geometry”
Archimedes
Greek who lived and worked in Sicily. principle of specific gravity, law of floating bodies, used levers, pulleys, and screws to build things such as catapults
Cynics
hatred of power and worldly possessions-Diogenes
Stoics
acceptance, patience, courage. their belief in the brotherhood influenced Christianity
Epicurean
followers of Epicurus.no life after death. pleasure and pain measure what is good and bad. life is to be enjoyed particularly by searching for knowledge
