sem.2 test 1 Flashcards
ostracize
in Athenseach year an assmebly chooses a politician to exile for 10 years
Arete
excellence through struggle and conflict in a time of peace
polis
a community of citizens that is loyal to the state
hoplite
heavily armed infantry
Sea People
mercenary Greeks who hired themselves out after the Trogan war. they were particularly involved with Egypt
relocation
a people that changes their location according to their own free will
dislocation
a people that movessomewhere else by force
oikos
household; the smallest component of state
acropolis
a fortified citadel on a raised hill in a polis
agora
marketplace or gathering place in a polis
iron
less expensive than bronze and available to all-weapons were available to all
metropolis
mother polis; mother city state
panhellenic
all of Greece
phalanx
rectangular formation 8 ranks deep
stadion
principle event in the Olympics- 200yard sprint
perioikoi
captive of Sparta; free but not a citizen; paid taxes and rendered to the military
helots
Spartian captives=slaves
tyrants
seized power quickly
Aeropagus
Aristocratic council (Athens)
Archon
magistrates over things such as military and trade (Athens)
ekklesia
assembly known as church in the New Testiment (Athens)
ephors
(Sparta) they supervised the kings and principle law
Draco
(Athens) severe punishment-death even for minor offense (tyrant)
Solon
reforms.cancelled debts. wealth not birth determined status.4 classes of wealth (Athens)
Dorians
dislocated the Mycenaeans Spartans and Pylos-brought on the Dark Age of Greece
Arcadians
what wasleft of the Mycenaeans, in the center of the Pelopenes. The new self chosen name of the Mycenaeans
coup d’etat
stroke of state
oligarchy
rule by a few
How did Greek topography shape their culture and history?
It made it difficult to find political unity because the city-states were so spread out so they were very independent-they were geographically fragmented. but it also drove their exports. they couldnt grow many things but what they could they grew a lot of
What is a Dark Age and how do these characteristics apply specifically to Greece?
A time in history in which: written documents are few and scattered, major social structures disintegrate-political, defense,economic; significant drop in population due to relocation, dislocation, famine, or disease and war.
examples: Sparta, Mycenaea, and Pylos burned; the trojan war/drought/bubonic plague=mycenaean’s weakness; The Dorians left no written records after relocating the Mycenaeans; Athens population decreased:acropolis was abandoned
What are the contributions of Homer’s tales the Iliad and the Odyssey on the emergence or classical Greek civilization?
They gave the Greeks a common culture: common history; common bloodline; common language= cultural unity.
Gave the standard for arete
the city-states remained distinct/apart, but had a sense of a shared past.
Why is it ironic that The Iliad hepled to lead the Greeks out of their Dark Age?
The Iliad is about the Trojan War, the Trojan War was one of the causes of the dark age and the story of their common past helped pull them out.
What is the difference between political and cultural unity and what is their relationship to national identity?
political unity requires one government over all. not individual city-states. cultural unity is a common culture shared by all the inhabitants. The national identity relies on the balance of the two.
What Homeric ideals formed the basis of arete?
courage, honor,loyalty, faithfulness
How was Greek aristocracy different from the usual aristocracy?
the aristocrats have to model arete for the people. they have to help the community. it was determined by wealth power birth AND arete.
What is the difference between the relationship of mainland Greeks and the Greeks who lived in colonies?
the mainland Greeks were independent and had little need for community
the colony Greeks relied on their commoness as Greeks to survive and conquer
How did iron reshape the Western World?
iron was less expensive than bronze which made it available to all so weapons were available to all. this was good for defensive reasons but it also aloud for rebellion and brought 2000 years of war
What are the elements and outcomes of the Olympic Games in Greece?
elements:
they were held in honor of Zeus
held in Olympia/every 4 years
they were individual not team
conducted naked
panhellenic
married women could not watch but unmarried women could
men competed in wrestling and running
stadion-principle event(200 yard sprint)
unmarried women held their own competition in honor of Hera
OUTCOMES:
professional class of athletes emerged and earned a good living
the normally divided Greeks came together as a community-useful when they had a common enemy
How did warfare change in the new age of Greece?
Hoplites phalanx-if broken was easily routed due to solidarity and discipline nobles and peasants fought together allowed for rebellion prominent in Western civilization
How do the new Greek military ideas influence our warfare today?
excellent weapons and body armor/use of technological advancements/citizen-soldiers:training and discipline/willing to engage head on for decisive victories/effectiveness of heavy infantry in determining the outcome of a battle
Which 2 gods fought over the right to be the patron of Athens and what did they offer?
Poseidon:fresh water spring
Athena:olive tree
Athena won
nike
victory.held by Athena statue in the Parthenon
Three forms of failed government in Athens. How might these have led to the development of democracy?
Aristocracy failed
Oligarchy failed
tryants failed
they had the idea to give more people(the male citizens) power in the government instead of a government by few
What are the characteristics of the Spartan and Athenian societies?
Sparta:
Peloponessian Legue/valued stability,order,conformity/dual kingship:hereditary,military, religious, and political/college of Ephors/perioikio and helots as captives/perpetual military camps/increasingly isolated and xenophobic
Athens:
Delian Legue/valued individuality and freedom/aeropagus/council of Archons/Ekklesia/cycle of debt and forgiveness of debt/Draco/Solon
BOTH BELIEVED IN THE RULE OF LAW
Aristotle’s view of the state. who was significant and who wasnt. relationship between state and individuals?
state is the Ultiamate good. citizens with rights were Greek men.citizens without rights were women and children. non-greeks had no rights and were known as barbarians. indidiuals make up the state.oikos–>hamlets–>villages–>community–>state. free Greek men were significant. everyone else was barbarian
Contrast the Christian Wordview with Arisistotle’s worldview
Christian:
All people are equal. God is ominpresent omnicient and omnipotent. it is a personal relationship. we are made in God’s image. truth is revealed to us, it is not found and it can not change
Aristotle:
men create gods in their own image.not personal relationship.Nature is the ultimate authority.some people are born leaders and some are born subbordinate. Greeks are right and everyone else is wrong. truth is found through experimentation, reason, fact
Examine the people groups in ch.48 and how the increasingly binary view of human nature effects the Greeks
The Assyrians and the Babylonians were currently on peaceful due to a political marriage. Assyria quietly conquered the land on the north and south borders of Babylonia so their growth was limited and when the Babylonian king died the Assyrian king’s promise to him to keep on peaceful terms died too. the Assyrian king Shamshi-Adad planed an invasion of Babylonia and succeeded, but his reign was short so then his wife took the thrown as the first woman ruler of Assyria. the binary view led to the Greeks being xenophobic:you are Greek or nobody.
ethnocentric
the beliefin the inherentsuperiority of one’s own ethinic group or culture
history
what really happened in the past.its the past itself
historiography
writing history that can be defended critically by examining sources, selecting specific information, and presenting it in a clear way
anthropology
the study of human beings
archeology
the study of the remains of an ancient human culture
oral history
stories that were spoken instead of written
Aristotle
Greek philosopher
hellenization
to adopt greek culture/traditions
aristocracy
ruling class of government
thalassocracy
an empire or sea power due to trade,exploration, or collinization. dominion over the sea
palatial culture
a culture completely centered aroung a palace
the relationship between kairos and kronos
kairos-appointed time
kronos-chronological time
God appoints the kairos within kronos
Why do we use epics and stories to shape writing and understanding of history rather than just physical evidence like pottery?
the stories tell us who they thought they were and why they did what they did. the stories define who we are.
