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history-9th grade > 2nd sem. exam > Flashcards

2nd sem. exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Ionian Revolt

A

Athens helps the Ionians revolt against Cyrus and the satraps and they burned Sardis

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2
Q

Pericles Funeral Oration

A

speech given by Pericles at the funeral of the Athenians who first fell during the Peloponnesian War. He talked about the qualities of Athens and what made a good democracy, which influenced the early Americans

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3
Q

Ptolemy

A

king of Egypt. got part of the empire of Alexander the Great

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4
Q

Aeneas

A

the hero of the Aeneid. battled at Italy. father of Iulus (Julius) established what would become Rome

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5
Q

Romulus and Remus

A

descendants of Alba Longa Kings. established Rome

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6
Q

Etruscans

A

took over Alaila. formed a league in 550 BC. included Veii, Tarquinii, and Volsinii. entered league with Carthage

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7
Q

Tarquin

A

had an affair with his brother’s wife. they both killed their spouses. He killed Servius Tellus in the throne room. claimed the throne of Rome

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8
Q

Celts

A

tribes roaming around west/central Europe between 100+500 BC. no ethnic identity. Gauls

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9
Q

Carthage

A

took Sardinia. rival of Rome

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10
Q

Stonehenge

A

most famous of the monuments in Britain. construction began around 3000 BC and continued for about 2000 years.

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11
Q

Maccabees

A

family of Matthias in Israel

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12
Q

Plutarch

A

Greek historian

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13
Q

Livy

A

Roman historian. wrote a lot on the founding of Rome

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14
Q

Virgil

A

wrote the Aeneid

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15
Q

Aeneid

A

founding epic or myth of Rome

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16
Q

Hamilcar Barca

A

lead Carthage. forced to fight to a stalemate in the First Punic War. died during the siege of a Celtic stronghold

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17
Q

Hannibal

A

son of Hamilcar Barca. became the leader of Carthage

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18
Q

Iberian Peninsula

A

in Spain. Hamilcar Barca’s base to attack Rome during the First Punic War

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19
Q

Trebia

A

2nd Punic War. Hannibal defeats Rome in December of 218 BC

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20
Q

Tiberius Gracchus

A

military hero from Carthaginian campaign. son of a consul. elected tribune. wanted to ease the suffering of the poor especially former soldiers. killed by fellow tribunes- fatal wound of Roman Republic

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21
Q

Marius

A

a “new man” elected consul 6 times. gave citizenship to allies: both against the constitution.

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22
Q

Sulla

A

Roman general. put an army in the Pomerium. tyranny became the order of things. killed 6000 men who fought against him

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23
Q

Pompey

A

in the triumverate of Caesar, himself, and Crassus. paid Caesar’s debts. forced into an alliance with Crassus because of Spartacus. murdered in Egypt

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24
Q

Crassus

A

helped Sulla liberate Rome- killed 6000 gladiators along with Pompey. in the triumverate

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25
Q

Julius Caesar

A

in triumverate with Crassus and Pompey. conquered Gaul. established presence in Britain.invaded Germania. became the Emperor of Rome after Pompey was murdered.

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26
Q

Spartacus

A

gladiator who led a revolt of 6000 gladiators. killed by Crassus

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27
Q

Octavian

A

Augustus. established Pax Romana- peace of Rome. became the Emperor in all but the name

28
Q

proskynesis

A

practice adopted by Alexander the Great. his men were to bow and kiss his hand. in Persia it was a sign of respect, but in Greece it was only meant for gods-angered his men.

29
Q

triumverate

A

3 rulers. Crassus/Pompey/Caesar

30
Q

Augustus

A

the consecrated one

31
Q

dominus et deus

A

Lord and God. Domitian gave himself this title

32
Q

patrician

A

descendants of the Roman council of advisers that served the old kings. aristocracy.hereditary. the rich/ruling class.

33
Q

plebeians

A

“not patrician”everybody else.merchants/artisans etc. included conquered people living in Rome and ancestors of lowly inhabitants of the early city

34
Q

pontifex maximus

A

basis for Constantine’s action to est. the Pope. Caesar’s title

35
Q

novus homo

A

“new man” those without a noble bloodline and entered politics from military accomplishments.

36
Q

dictator

A

an individual ruler.Roman idea: 6 months of power. appointed by consuls, often was a consul.keep Rome secure from outside threats, exercise life/death inside Rome

37
Q

decemvirs

A

board of 10 law makers. appointed in 451 in place of Roman officers. wrote down the laws of Rome to govern it

38
Q

Twelve Tables

A

the written law of Rome on wood set in the Forum

39
Q

SPQR

A

Senatus Populesque Romani-the Senate and People of Rome

40
Q

punic

A

language/culture of Carthage

41
Q

Pax Romana

A

Peace of Rome

42
Q

Damnatio memoria

A

erased from public records

43
Q

Phonecians

A

naval captains for Xerxes-killed after loss at Salamis

44
Q

Fair Peninsula

A

in Africa. Carthage on one of the shorelines. boundary during Peloponnesian Wars

45
Q

Seleucids

A

reigned province of Israel after Alexander’s death. taken by Rome

46
Q

hedge of steel

A

Macedonian phalanx. defeated the scythed chariots at Gaugemela

47
Q

civitas sine suffragio

A

term describing Campanians have citizen rights in Rome but could not vote “semi-citizens”

48
Q

753

A

Traditional founding date of Rome

49
Q

509

A

Rome establishes Republic

50
Q

500

A

Burning of Sardis

51
Q

490

A

Marathon

52
Q

480

A

Thermopylae and Salamis

53
Q

435

A

Official beginning of Peloponnesian wars

54
Q

135

A

effective end of roman republic

55
Q

44

A

Julius Caesar declared emperor for life; too ambitious so murdered
-Octavian (Caesar’s nephew)becomes emperor takes name Augustus, establishes Pax Romana

56
Q

Why did Rome lose the battle of Teuterberg Wald?

A

The Germanic attackers were able to separate the legions into parts to attack them more effectively/choice of battlefield

57
Q

Why was the location of the battle field such a good choice for the Germanic tribes?

A

Because the Romans had to pass between a bog and a hill, which was a very narrow pass, their legions had to march in thinner columns which were easy to break apart

58
Q

What did Hannibal use that scared the Roman cavalry at the battle of Trebia?

A

elephants

59
Q

Why did Hannibal want to attack Rome?

A

First Punic war created dissension between the cities of Rome and Carthage

60
Q

Why was the battle of Trebia so significant?

A

it showed that Rome could be defeated

61
Q

Who was the battle of Masada between?

A

Romans and Jewish rebels at Masada

62
Q

Why did Eleazar propose mass suicide?

A

it was more honorable to kill yourself than to be killed or captured by the Romans

63
Q

What were the Roman and Jewish responses to the end of the battle of Masada

A

Romans did not feel the pride of a true victory

Jews were thought to be either cowards or martyrs

64
Q

Where did the battle of Alesia take place?

A

Mount Auxois near France

65
Q

What tactics did the Romans use that helped them win the battle?

A

built walls around the Celts to keep them in. Built walls around themselves to keep the Celtic reinforcements from attacking.

history-9th grade (7 decks)

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