2nd sem. exam Flashcards
Ionian Revolt
Athens helps the Ionians revolt against Cyrus and the satraps and they burned Sardis
Pericles Funeral Oration
speech given by Pericles at the funeral of the Athenians who first fell during the Peloponnesian War. He talked about the qualities of Athens and what made a good democracy, which influenced the early Americans
Ptolemy
king of Egypt. got part of the empire of Alexander the Great
Aeneas
the hero of the Aeneid. battled at Italy. father of Iulus (Julius) established what would become Rome
Romulus and Remus
descendants of Alba Longa Kings. established Rome
Etruscans
took over Alaila. formed a league in 550 BC. included Veii, Tarquinii, and Volsinii. entered league with Carthage
Tarquin
had an affair with his brother’s wife. they both killed their spouses. He killed Servius Tellus in the throne room. claimed the throne of Rome
Celts
tribes roaming around west/central Europe between 100+500 BC. no ethnic identity. Gauls
Carthage
took Sardinia. rival of Rome
Stonehenge
most famous of the monuments in Britain. construction began around 3000 BC and continued for about 2000 years.
Maccabees
family of Matthias in Israel
Plutarch
Greek historian
Livy
Roman historian. wrote a lot on the founding of Rome
Virgil
wrote the Aeneid
Aeneid
founding epic or myth of Rome
Hamilcar Barca
lead Carthage. forced to fight to a stalemate in the First Punic War. died during the siege of a Celtic stronghold
Hannibal
son of Hamilcar Barca. became the leader of Carthage
Iberian Peninsula
in Spain. Hamilcar Barca’s base to attack Rome during the First Punic War
Trebia
2nd Punic War. Hannibal defeats Rome in December of 218 BC
Tiberius Gracchus
military hero from Carthaginian campaign. son of a consul. elected tribune. wanted to ease the suffering of the poor especially former soldiers. killed by fellow tribunes- fatal wound of Roman Republic
Marius
a “new man” elected consul 6 times. gave citizenship to allies: both against the constitution.
Sulla
Roman general. put an army in the Pomerium. tyranny became the order of things. killed 6000 men who fought against him
Pompey
in the triumverate of Caesar, himself, and Crassus. paid Caesar’s debts. forced into an alliance with Crassus because of Spartacus. murdered in Egypt
Crassus
helped Sulla liberate Rome- killed 6000 gladiators along with Pompey. in the triumverate
Julius Caesar
in triumverate with Crassus and Pompey. conquered Gaul. established presence in Britain.invaded Germania. became the Emperor of Rome after Pompey was murdered.
Spartacus
gladiator who led a revolt of 6000 gladiators. killed by Crassus
Octavian
Augustus. established Pax Romana- peace of Rome. became the Emperor in all but the name
proskynesis
practice adopted by Alexander the Great. his men were to bow and kiss his hand. in Persia it was a sign of respect, but in Greece it was only meant for gods-angered his men.
triumverate
3 rulers. Crassus/Pompey/Caesar
Augustus
the consecrated one
dominus et deus
Lord and God. Domitian gave himself this title
patrician
descendants of the Roman council of advisers that served the old kings. aristocracy.hereditary. the rich/ruling class.
plebeians
“not patrician”everybody else.merchants/artisans etc. included conquered people living in Rome and ancestors of lowly inhabitants of the early city
pontifex maximus
basis for Constantine’s action to est. the Pope. Caesar’s title
novus homo
“new man” those without a noble bloodline and entered politics from military accomplishments.
dictator
an individual ruler.Roman idea: 6 months of power. appointed by consuls, often was a consul.keep Rome secure from outside threats, exercise life/death inside Rome
decemvirs
board of 10 law makers. appointed in 451 in place of Roman officers. wrote down the laws of Rome to govern it
Twelve Tables
the written law of Rome on wood set in the Forum
SPQR
Senatus Populesque Romani-the Senate and People of Rome
punic
language/culture of Carthage
Pax Romana
Peace of Rome
Damnatio memoria
erased from public records
Phonecians
naval captains for Xerxes-killed after loss at Salamis
Fair Peninsula
in Africa. Carthage on one of the shorelines. boundary during Peloponnesian Wars
Seleucids
reigned province of Israel after Alexander’s death. taken by Rome
hedge of steel
Macedonian phalanx. defeated the scythed chariots at Gaugemela
civitas sine suffragio
term describing Campanians have citizen rights in Rome but could not vote “semi-citizens”
753
Traditional founding date of Rome
509
Rome establishes Republic
500
Burning of Sardis
490
Marathon
480
Thermopylae and Salamis
435
Official beginning of Peloponnesian wars
135
effective end of roman republic
44
Julius Caesar declared emperor for life; too ambitious so murdered
-Octavian (Caesar’s nephew)becomes emperor takes name Augustus, establishes Pax Romana
Why did Rome lose the battle of Teuterberg Wald?
The Germanic attackers were able to separate the legions into parts to attack them more effectively/choice of battlefield
Why was the location of the battle field such a good choice for the Germanic tribes?
Because the Romans had to pass between a bog and a hill, which was a very narrow pass, their legions had to march in thinner columns which were easy to break apart
What did Hannibal use that scared the Roman cavalry at the battle of Trebia?
elephants
Why did Hannibal want to attack Rome?
First Punic war created dissension between the cities of Rome and Carthage
Why was the battle of Trebia so significant?
it showed that Rome could be defeated
Who was the battle of Masada between?
Romans and Jewish rebels at Masada
Why did Eleazar propose mass suicide?
it was more honorable to kill yourself than to be killed or captured by the Romans
What were the Roman and Jewish responses to the end of the battle of Masada
Romans did not feel the pride of a true victory
Jews were thought to be either cowards or martyrs
Where did the battle of Alesia take place?
Mount Auxois near France
What tactics did the Romans use that helped them win the battle?
built walls around the Celts to keep them in. Built walls around themselves to keep the Celtic reinforcements from attacking.
