extra exam stuff Flashcards
What is a map?
drawing of the earth on a flat surfcace
What is cartography?
the study and making of maps
What is topography?
study of the surface features of an area; uses patterns to show relief-differences in elevation
What is a region?
areas united by specific factors
What is a peninsula?
body of land surrounded by water on 3 sides
What an island?
land area completely surrounded by water
What is a strait?
narrow stretch of water joining 2 larger bodies of water
What is a sea?
a large body of water completely or partly surrounded by land
What is a bay?
part of a larger body of water that extends into a shoreline; generally smaller than a gulf
What is a gulf?
part of a large body of water that extends into a shoreline; generally larger and more deeply indented than a bay
What is the Mediterranean Sea?
sea separating Europe and Africa connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibralter
What is an Isthmus?
narrow stretch of land connecting 2 larger land areas
What is a harbor?
a sheltered place along a shoreline where ships can anchor safely
What is a cliff?
a steep, high wall of rock, earth,or ice
What are faults?
cracks in the earth’s crust formed as plates grind or slide past one another
Who gives us the most information on the Persian? Why is one more reliable than the other?
the greeks (specifically Herodotus and Xenophon) give us most of our info. on the Persians. Xenophon is more reliable because when he was exiled from Athens he wound up serving under Cyrus
Who was Astyages?
Median king. had dream vision that was interpreted to mean that his grandson would overthrow him. so when his daughter married Cambyses of Persia and she became pregnant. Astyages told everyone that her son, Cyrus was still-born (dead) but in reality he had his advisor Harpagus kill Cyrus,but Harpagus does not, instead he orders a shepherd to do it. the shepherd had just had a still-born child so he pretended that that child was Cyrus while he actually raised Cyrus himself
Who was Cambyses?
the father of Cyrus.Persian leader, but a vassal to the Median Kingdom
How did Astyages get revenge on Harpagus?
Astyages saw Cyrus playing with other children one day. he told Harpagus that he had actually saved him from making a big mistake, but then invited he and his son for a feast. His son was the main course. when Harpagus was shown what remained of his son, he took it cooly…but he was planning on revenge too
What is a peril story?
usually used to describethe birth of a powerful person, destined to rule against the odds, and thus protected divinely (Bible ex.)Joseph/Jesus
Explain the Achaemenid Dynasty.
came from the Pasagarde tribe:most powerful Persian clan. Cyrus called them to indepedence from the Medes. Astyages heard and gathered his troops-Harpagus lead(he had gathered the other commanders secretly and they were working with Cyrus) when they marched out they switched to the Persian army. Astyages was easily taken as a prisoner, but not killed.Cyrus became the king of the Medes and the Persians. Cyrus honored the Median treaties until Astyages died
What did Cyrus do in Lydia?
he marched against Lydia (Croesus ruled and was Cyrus’ grand-uncle). Cyrus left them no time to call for help from the Babylonians. he led a 2 week seige.he sent camels in first to scare the Lydian horse. then he cnquered the capital:Sardis.he captured Croesus as a prisoner and plundered his wealth. when Cyrus asked him what his reaction to see his wealth being plundered, Croesus said that it was no longer his wealth,it was Cyrus’ and the plundering was stopped.
What happened in Babylon?
Babylon was ruled by Balshazzar (grandson but called son of Nebuchadnezzar-Daniel 5 ) Cyrus worked with Darius the Mede to take Babylon. the conquest:Cyrus’ army pushed the Babylonians into their city. and they barricaded themselves in:they were prepared to last for a long time like that and theTigris river ran straight through giving them boundless water supply. Cyrus had channels dug and at night they were opened. the river was diverted into the channels and the river bed into the city was clear:the Persians marched straight into the city. Babylon fell on October 14, 539 BC. Belshazzar was killed (Daniel 5/Isaiah 45:1-7/Ezra 1:1-4) Cyrus was the overlord and was hailed as their savior/liberator. Darius was the vassal placed in charge of Babylon.
What made Cyrus great?
he presented himself as the benevolant guardian of all the identities and loyalties of a nation
Who said:”Great Daedalus of Athens was the man that made the draught, and from’d the wondrous plan;where rooms within themselves encircled lye, With various windings, to deceive the eye.”
-What was he describing and who made it?
Ovid, in his Metamorphoses said this. it is describing the Labyrinth and Daedalus made it
Who said: “ these private walls the Minotaur include,who twice was glutted with Athenian blood; But the third tribute more successful prov’d, slew the foul monster, and the plague remov’d. When Theseus,aided by the virgin’s art, had trac’d the guiding thread thro’ ev’ry part…”
Ovid in his metamorphosis
Who said: “Every sate is a community of some kind, and every community is established with a view to some good; for mankind always act in order to obtain that which they think good. But,if all communities aim at some good, the state or political community,which is the highest of all, and which they think good.But if all aims at good in a greater degree than any other,and at the highest good”
Aristotle:Politics
Who said: “First house and wife and an ox for the plough”
Hesiod
Who said: “Each one gives law to his children and to his wives”
Homer
