Sem 2 - Renal

Question 1

name 4 functions of the mesangium

Answer 1

1. Structural support of glomerular capillary loops.
2. secretion of vasoactive factors and cytokines.
3. phagocytosis
4. Contraction to control glomerular cappillary blood flow

Question 2

which convoluted tubule (proximal or distal) has each of the following?
smaller cells, brush borders, paler cytoplasm, larger lumen, longer tubule

Answer 2

distal, prox, dist, dist, prox

Question 3

In which region of kidney are glomeruli located?

Answer 3

cortex

Question 4

What will happen to the tubules associated with a sclerosed glomerulus?

Answer 4

atrophy

Question 5

How is a kidney with extensive glomerulosclerosis (and associated tubular changes) likely to appear macroscopically?

Answer 5

smaller

Question 6

name 3 causes of secondary glomerulonephritis

Answer 6

SLE, hep B and C, Drugs

Question 7

What clinical features suggest pylonephritis rather than cystitis?

Answer 7

Cant always distinguish on clinical features. cystitis is less likely to be accompanied by loin pain (stretching of the renal capsule) and a systemic inflammatory response i.e. fever, chills, malaise etc.

Question 8

what is primary essential hypertension?

Answer 8

form of hypertension that has no identifiable cause

Question 9

what does a heaving apex beat suggest?

Answer 9

LVH

Question 10

primary essential hypertension is associated with which kind of kidney change. Describe its macroscopic apperance

Answer 10

benign nephrosclerosis.

slightly small, with a granular surface, possibly several simple fluid filled cysts

Question 11

what does benign nephrosclerosis look like histologically? (4)

Answer 11

patchy tubular atrophy, interstitial chronic inflammation and fibrosis, sclerosed glomeruli and hyalinised arterioles.