sem 2 exam

Question 1

Quadrat

Answer 1

For abundance density and diversity
accurately reflects ecosystem
Only used for immobile species
square, rectangular, or circle frame, marks out space being sampled

Question 2

transects

Answer 2

line marked through are of study
Show changes in community composition and population abundance along axis

Question 3

Biodiversity

Answer 3

variation in the many different communities and their environments on earth

Question 4

Species diversity

Answer 4

Number of different species within an ecosystem

Question 5

Genetic diversity

Answer 5

range of genetic characteristics within a single species

Question 6

Hot spot

Answer 6

relatively small area wt numerous endemic species and a large number of endangered animals and threatened species.
Must contain at least 1500 species of vascular plants found nowhere else on earth
must have at least 70% of its primary native vegetation

Question 7

Species concept

Answer 7

biological species concept
Morphological species concept
phylogenetic species concept

Question 8

Biological species concept

Answer 8

species based on whether members can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 9

Morphological species concept

Answer 9

species based on their physical characteristics

Question 10

Phylogenetic species concept

Answer 10

species that states species comprises of the smallest group of individuals sharing a common ancestor, often determined through genetic analysis

Question 11

Hierarchy of animal classification

Answer 11

Domain -> Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species

Question 12

Chordates

Answer 12

Gill slits, post anal tail (at some point)
bilateral symmetry
Segmented body
developed coelom
Complete digestive system
endoskeleton

Question 13

Ascidacea

Answer 13

Hollow body with two openings
no head, gill slits in the pharynx
Notochord in larval stage
live in colonies or as individuals, feeding through siphons
(eg. Sea squirts)

Question 14

Chondrichthyes

Answer 14

Skeleton made of cartilage
no scales, sharp denticle (teeth-like) skin
No gill cover - each gill has its own opening
most lays eggs, some don’t
Highly developed sense of smells
able to detect electrical fields
(Sharks)

Question 15

Osteichthyes

Answer 15

true scales, bony gill cover
Lateral line system allows them to sense vibrations in water
well developed eyes and sense of smell
Soft fins stiffened by rays or spines
colour is a very important structural adaptation of fish
Reproduction methods vary, but are all sexual
(eg. fish)

Question 16

Amphibia

Answer 16

moist, scaly skin