Self Study

Question 1

What is an ion

Answer 1

Atom with electric charge

Question 2

What is a cation

Answer 2

Ion with a positive charge

Question 3

What is an inorganic ion?

Answer 3

Charged molecule that doesn’t contain carbon

Question 4

Which ion is found in phospholipids?

Answer 4

Phosphate ion

Question 5

Why are the phosphate heads arranged in the position it is?

Answer 5

It is an inorganic ion. The phosphate hwads are polar meant they are attracted to water as they are hydrophilic. Therefore they are positioned towards water, towards cell cytoplasm

Question 6

What is polar or non polar?

Answer 6

Polar

Question 7

How are H20 atoms bonded?

Answer 7

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 8

4 functions of water

Answer 8

• a solvent
• involved in metabolic reactions
• support
• involved in temperature regulation

Question 9

Why are + and - ions surrounded by water molecules?

Answer 9

Due to the attraction of charge between the ion and water molecules

Question 10

What is a solvent?

Answer 10

A liquid in which substances can dissolve

Question 11

Where does photosynthesis take place in the plant cells?

Answer 11

In chloroplasts

Question 12

Word equation for photo synthesis ?

Answer 12

Carbon dioxide + water —-> oxygen + glucose

Question 13

What would happen if water wasn’t available to plants?

Answer 13

No photosynthesis would occur so no glucose would be produced for respiration and so the plant couldn’t grow or survive

Question 14

Why can animals float on water?

Answer 14

Up thrust force is greater than down ward

Question 15

Explain turgor pressure in plants

Answer 15

As the vacuole fills with water, it becomes larger and pushes against the cell wall. This creates turgor pressure and keeps the cell firm and rigid

Question 16

What’s a plant cell with a shrunken Vacuole?

Answer 16

Flaccid cell

Question 17

What allows water molecules to move in a continuous Collumn up the stem?

Answer 17

Water molecules are cohesive due to hydrogen bonds

Question 18

Why is ice less dense?

Answer 18

When water freezes, the water molecules are held togtht more apart by hydrogen bonds

Question 19

When does water evaporate?

Answer 19

When the hydrogen bonds holding water molecules togther are broken

Question 20

What is latent heat?

Answer 20

The heat energy that’s needed to change a substance from one state to another

Question 21

One example of the biological importance of water water as a solvent

Answer 21

Can transport molecules atojnd the body

Question 22

What does ATP stands for?

Answer 22

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Question 23

What’s ATP made up of?

Answer 23

Ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups

Question 24

Where is ATP made?

Answer 24

In respiration which occurs in the mitochondria

Question 25

Function of ATP?

Answer 25

An energy storage molecule stores in high energy bonds between phosphate groups. The last bond contains a lot of energy which is released when ADP is made -one phosphate group is removed

Question 26

Using ATP?

Answer 26

When energy is needed by a cell, ATP is broken down to ADP and Pi- hydrolysis reaction carried out by ATP hydrolyse. The hydrolysis releases energy which can be used eg in avtuve transport

Question 27

What coukd hydrolysis of ATP be used for?

Answer 27

Active transport, hydrolysis reactions, condensation reactions, protein synthesis, cell division, muscle contraction

Question 28

What’s phosphorylation?

Answer 28

Adding a phosphate to raise energy levels and increase reactivity

Question 29

How does ATP hydrolyse break down ATP?

Answer 29

ATP hydrolyse is a protein with a specific tertiary structure with a specific active sit shape. Only ATP has a complementary shape to the enzymes active site forming an ES complex when binding. The ATP is hydrolysed and ADP and a phosphate ion is released from the active site