Self Study Flashcards
What is an ion
Atom with electric charge
What is a cation
Ion with a positive charge
What is an inorganic ion?
Charged molecule that doesn’t contain carbon
Which ion is found in phospholipids?
Phosphate ion
Why are the phosphate heads arranged in the position it is?
It is an inorganic ion. The phosphate hwads are polar meant they are attracted to water as they are hydrophilic. Therefore they are positioned towards water, towards cell cytoplasm
What is polar or non polar?
Polar
How are H20 atoms bonded?
Weak hydrogen bonds
4 functions of water
- a solvent
- involved in metabolic reactions
- support
- involved in temperature regulation
Why are + and - ions surrounded by water molecules?
Due to the attraction of charge between the ion and water molecules
What is a solvent?
A liquid in which substances can dissolve
Where does photosynthesis take place in the plant cells?
In chloroplasts
Word equation for photo synthesis ?
Carbon dioxide + water —-> oxygen + glucose
What would happen if water wasn’t available to plants?
No photosynthesis would occur so no glucose would be produced for respiration and so the plant couldn’t grow or survive
Why can animals float on water?
Up thrust force is greater than down ward
Explain turgor pressure in plants
As the vacuole fills with water, it becomes larger and pushes against the cell wall. This creates turgor pressure and keeps the cell firm and rigid
What’s a plant cell with a shrunken Vacuole?
Flaccid cell
What allows water molecules to move in a continuous Collumn up the stem?
Water molecules are cohesive due to hydrogen bonds
Why is ice less dense?
When water freezes, the water molecules are held togtht more apart by hydrogen bonds
When does water evaporate?
When the hydrogen bonds holding water molecules togther are broken
What is latent heat?
The heat energy that’s needed to change a substance from one state to another
One example of the biological importance of water water as a solvent
Can transport molecules atojnd the body
What does ATP stands for?
Adenosine TriPhosphate
What’s ATP made up of?
Ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups
Where is ATP made?
In respiration which occurs in the mitochondria
Function of ATP?
An energy storage molecule stores in high energy bonds between phosphate groups. The last bond contains a lot of energy which is released when ADP is made -one phosphate group is removed
Using ATP?
When energy is needed by a cell, ATP is broken down to ADP and Pi- hydrolysis reaction carried out by ATP hydrolyse. The hydrolysis releases energy which can be used eg in avtuve transport
What coukd hydrolysis of ATP be used for?
Active transport, hydrolysis reactions, condensation reactions, protein synthesis, cell division, muscle contraction
What’s phosphorylation?
Adding a phosphate to raise energy levels and increase reactivity
How does ATP hydrolyse break down ATP?
ATP hydrolyse is a protein with a specific tertiary structure with a specific active sit shape. Only ATP has a complementary shape to the enzymes active site forming an ES complex when binding. The ATP is hydrolysed and ADP and a phosphate ion is released from the active site
