Self Study Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ion

A

Atom with electric charge

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2
Q

What is a cation

A

Ion with a positive charge

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3
Q

What is an inorganic ion?

A

Charged molecule that doesn’t contain carbon

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4
Q

Which ion is found in phospholipids?

A

Phosphate ion

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5
Q

Why are the phosphate heads arranged in the position it is?

A

It is an inorganic ion. The phosphate hwads are polar meant they are attracted to water as they are hydrophilic. Therefore they are positioned towards water, towards cell cytoplasm

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6
Q

What is polar or non polar?

A

Polar

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7
Q

How are H20 atoms bonded?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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8
Q

4 functions of water

A
  • a solvent
  • involved in metabolic reactions
  • support
  • involved in temperature regulation
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9
Q

Why are + and - ions surrounded by water molecules?

A

Due to the attraction of charge between the ion and water molecules

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10
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A liquid in which substances can dissolve

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11
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place in the plant cells?

A

In chloroplasts

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12
Q

Word equation for photo synthesis ?

A

Carbon dioxide + water —-> oxygen + glucose

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13
Q

What would happen if water wasn’t available to plants?

A

No photosynthesis would occur so no glucose would be produced for respiration and so the plant couldn’t grow or survive

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14
Q

Why can animals float on water?

A

Up thrust force is greater than down ward

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15
Q

Explain turgor pressure in plants

A

As the vacuole fills with water, it becomes larger and pushes against the cell wall. This creates turgor pressure and keeps the cell firm and rigid

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16
Q

What’s a plant cell with a shrunken Vacuole?

A

Flaccid cell

17
Q

What allows water molecules to move in a continuous Collumn up the stem?

A

Water molecules are cohesive due to hydrogen bonds

18
Q

Why is ice less dense?

A

When water freezes, the water molecules are held togtht more apart by hydrogen bonds

19
Q

When does water evaporate?

A

When the hydrogen bonds holding water molecules togther are broken

20
Q

What is latent heat?

A

The heat energy that’s needed to change a substance from one state to another

21
Q

One example of the biological importance of water water as a solvent

A

Can transport molecules atojnd the body

22
Q

What does ATP stands for?

A

Adenosine TriPhosphate

23
Q

What’s ATP made up of?

A

Ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups

24
Q

Where is ATP made?

A

In respiration which occurs in the mitochondria

25
Q

Function of ATP?

A

An energy storage molecule stores in high energy bonds between phosphate groups. The last bond contains a lot of energy which is released when ADP is made -one phosphate group is removed

26
Q

Using ATP?

A

When energy is needed by a cell, ATP is broken down to ADP and Pi- hydrolysis reaction carried out by ATP hydrolyse. The hydrolysis releases energy which can be used eg in avtuve transport

27
Q

What coukd hydrolysis of ATP be used for?

A

Active transport, hydrolysis reactions, condensation reactions, protein synthesis, cell division, muscle contraction

28
Q

What’s phosphorylation?

A

Adding a phosphate to raise energy levels and increase reactivity

29
Q

How does ATP hydrolyse break down ATP?

A

ATP hydrolyse is a protein with a specific tertiary structure with a specific active sit shape. Only ATP has a complementary shape to the enzymes active site forming an ES complex when binding. The ATP is hydrolysed and ADP and a phosphate ion is released from the active site