Self Report Techniques (Questionnaires) - 27/11/23 Flashcards
What is a self report technique?
when a person is asked to explain their own feelings, opinions, behaviours and experiences related to a given topic
What are the two types of self report technique?
1) Questionnaires
2) Interviews
What is a Questionnaire?
A set of written questions used to assess a person’s thoughts and/or experiences. The participant writes their responses to the questions
A questionnaire may be used as part of an experiment to assess the __.
DV
What are the two types of Questionnaires?
- Open Questions
- Closed Questions
What happens in Open Questions?
Questions for which there is no fixed choice of response and respondents can answer in any way they wish
What type of data is Open Questions likely to be?
Qualitative
What happens in Closed Questions?
Questions for which there is a fixed choice of responses determined by the question setter
What type of data is Closed Questions more likely to be?
Quantitative
What is a positive and negative of Open Questions?
[3]
Positive:
* Rich in depth and detail
Negative:
* Difficult to analyse and summarise data
* conclusions open to bias
What is a positive and negative of Closed Questions?
[5]
Positive:
* Easy to analyse quantitative data
* Easy to compare
* Less bias
Negative:
* May lack depth and detail
* can’t explain answers
What are the 3 main types of rating scales with Closed Questions?
- Fixed Choice Questions
- Likert Scale
- Rating Scale
What happens in a Likert scale?
Likert scale is where respondent shows their agreement with a statement using a scale of 5 points, from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree
What happens in a Rating Scale?
It gets respondents to identify a value that represents their strengths of feeling about a topic. (e.g. how entertaining is this movie from 1-10)
What happens in a Fixed Choice Option?
It includes a list of possible options and respondents are required to indicate which one applies to them
____ is key when designing questionnaires.
Clarity
What are the 5 common errors in question design?
1) Overuse of jargon
2) Emotive language
3) Leading Questions
4) Double Barelled Questions
5) Double Negatives
What is Jargon and how do you counter this?
[2]
- It refers to technical terms that may be too overcomplicated for a person not studying in a certain field, and it may confuse them
- The best questions are simple and easily understood
What happens in Emotive Language?
Where the author is biased by using emotive words (e.g. suggesting author doesn’t like sport)
What happens in a Leading Questions?
Guides the respondent to a particular answer that’s biased
What happens in Double-Barrelled Questions?
They contain two questions in one: respondents may agree with one and disagree with the other one
What are Positives of Questionnaires?
[3]
- They’re cost-effective - can gather large amounts of data quickly
- Can be completed without the researcher being present - less effort
- Data Questionnaire is straightforward to analyse - graphs and chart
What are Negatives of Questionnaires?
[3]
- It may not be always be truthful - since, respondents may be keen to present themselves in a positive light and might be influenced
- Can produce response bias, where respondents reply in a similiar way (complete it too quickly)
- Social Desirability Bias
What is Social Desirability Bias?
Particicpants want to present themselves ina positive light, and causes demand characteristics
What is acqueiscence bias?
The tendency to agree with items of questionnaires regardless of content of question
