Sampling Method Flashcards
What are the 5 different types of sampling?
- Oppurtunity
- Random
- Systematic
- Stratified
- Volunteer
What does Population mean?
Refers to large group of individuals a researcher is interested in studying (e.g. students in 6th Form)
What does Target Population mean?
A particular subset of overall population from which a sample is taken (e.g. 6th Form students in Newcastle)
What does Sample mean?
[2]
- The group of people who take part in investigation
- Drawn from target population - representative
What does Representative mean?
Contains same characteristics as target population
What does Oppurtunity Sampling mean?
Participants happen to be available at the time the study is being carried out - recruited conveniently
What does Random Sampling mean?
[2]
- When all members have equal chance of being selected.
- Random number generator
What happens in Systematic Sampling?
Predetermined system where every nth member is selected from sampling frame
What happens in Stratified Sampling?
- The composition reflects proportions of people in particular subgroups
- Percentage
What does Volunteer Sampling mean?
Self selection where participant volunteers to take part in response to advert
What is Strengths of Oppurtunity Sampling?
Easy recruitment - time saving, saves money
What are Limitations of Oppurtunity Sampling?
- Not representative of whole population, so low generalisability
- Researcher bias - they are biased in choosing
What are the Strengths of Random Sampling?
- gives a representative sample of the population
- every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
- the sample is likely to reflect the characteristics and diversity of the larger population
- This enhances the generalisability
What is a Limitation of Random Sampling?
[2]
- Time consuming - need to have list of members of population
- Volunteer bias - participants can refuse
What is Strength of Systematic Sampling?
[2]
- Avoids researcher bias
- Usually representative of population
What is Limitation of Systematic Sampling?
Not truly unbiased unless you use random number generator
What is Strengths of Stratified Sampling?
[2]
- No researcher bias
- Produces representative data due to proportional data
What are Limitations of Stratified Sampling?
[2]
- Time consuming
- Identified strata can’t reflect all differences between people of wider population
What are Strengths of Volunteer Sampling?
[2]
- Quick access - easy and not time consuming
- More likely to cooperate
What are Limitations of Volunteer Sampling?
[2]
- Volunteer bias - study may attract particular person (less generalisable)
- Motivated by money - doesn’t take study seriously
