Self-report techniques

Question 1

self-report techniques

Answer 1

Participants reveal personal information about themselves through a series of questions

Question 2

Closed questions

Answer 2

response questions are pre-determined by the researcher eg Likert scale, tick box answers. produces quantitative data

Question 3

advantages of closed questions

Answer 3

easy to analyse - response can be coded numerically - easy to spot patterns
high replicability= high reliability in findings

Question 4

disadvantages of closed questions

Answer 4

Lack of internal validity - p’s responses are limited to a fixed set
overly simplistic responses, lacking in detail

Question 5

open questions

Answer 5

Participants are free to answer however they choose. Produces qualitative data

Question 6

advantages of open questions

Answer 6

More rich in-depth info gained= high internal validity
Participants have the freedom to choose responses = more valid info gained

Question 7

disadvantages of open questions

Answer 7

Time-consuming and difficult to make a data analysis with a large pool of p’s
p’s may lose interest as more effort is required

Question 8

how to properly design questionnaires and interviews?

Answer 8

-avoid complex terminology
-rewording questions
-avoid leading questions
-piloting questions
-filer questions

Question 9

Interview

Answer 9

Participants give information directly to the researcher, which can be face-to-face or via video call.

Question 10

advantages of interview

Answer 10

-can rephrase questions that are difficult to understand = increase internal validity
-can build rapport with p’s so they may take the interview seriously

Question 11

disadvantages of interview

Answer 11

-it time-consuming to interview each p’s
- costly- semi-structured or unstructured require trained personnel for data analysis

Question 12

Questionnaire

Answer 12

Participants give questions through a set of questions sent to them, which can be via post or online.

Question 13

advantages of questionnaire

Answer 13

• easy and quick to generate large numbers of data analysis
• can be kept anonymous - likely to get truthful responses = high in internal validity

Question 14

Structured

Answer 14

• The interviewer reads out a prepared list of words already written

Answer 15

• no set list of questions, open questions about the topic
  ¬build rapport, p’s answer honestly
  ¬Can be followed up with additional questions
  x

Question 16

advantages of a structured interview

Answer 16

¬interviewer - doesn’t have to be trained
¬ responses are easy to compare due to the same questions

Question 17

the disadvantages of a structured interview

Answer 17

x response from p’s cannot be followed up with additional questions

Question 18

Unstructured interview

Answer 18

• no set list of questions, open questions about the topic

Question 19

advantages of an unstructured interview

Answer 19

¬build rapport, p’s answer honestly
¬Can be followed up with additional questions

Question 20

disadvantages of an unstructured interview

Answer 20

x costly - need highly trained interviewers to think of appropriate questions
x every interview will be different, comparisons are difficult

Question 21

semi-structured interview

Answer 21

The interviewer asks the prepared questions with the ability to ask additional questions

Question 22

advantages of semi-structured interview

Answer 22

• interviewer can ask follow up questions in response to interesting questions
• rapport is likely, p’s feel more comfortable

Question 23

disadvantages of semi-structured interview

Answer 23

x highly trained interviewer needs to think of additional questions