Observations

Question 1

Observation

Answer 1

A non-experimental technique that watches abd records behaviour of p’s without manipulating levs of IV

Question 2

Controlled observation

Answer 2

Aspects of environment are controlled, in an attempt to give p’s sane experience

Question 3

Advantages of controlled observation

Answer 3

-Reduces extraneous variables
-Reliable as the same standardised procedures are used

Question 4

Disadvantage of controlled observation

Answer 4

Artificiality of the observational environment may lead to unnatural behavior

Question 5

Naturalistic observation

Answer 5

Observations in “real world” places where participabts would spend their time in

Question 6

Advabtages of naturalistic experimants

Answer 6

High realism - show more natural behaviour
External validity- behaviour can be generalised to otger situations

Question 7

Disadvabtages of natural observation

Answer 7

No cntrol over extraneous variable - may be responsible for p’s behaviour

Question 8

Overt obervation

Answer 8

Participants have given consent and know they are being observed

Question 9

Advantages of overt observation

Answer 9

No ethical issues
Easy to record data as no need to act inconspicuous therefore more detail is gained

Question 10

Disadvantage of Overt observation

Answer 10

High in demand characteristics participants may change the behavior or social desirability bias may be a factor- acting to look good

Question 11

What is covert observation

Answer 11

researchers observing and recording the behaviors of participants without their consent

Question 12

Advantages of covert observation

Answer 12

Participants are unaware they’re being observed so more realistic behavior free from the demand characteristics or social desirability therefore high validity

Question 13

Disadvantages of covert observation

Answer 13

Seenas an ethical because the participants cannot give informed consent hard to record data as participants are unaware so have less detail recorded

Question 14

What is participant observation

Answer 14

The research joins the group that is being observed and takes part in the activities

Question 15

Advantages of participant observation

Answer 15

-More in-depth info gained
- Unique insight into of behaviour by assessing information not available to outside this

Question 16

Disadvantages of participant observation

Answer 16

Can become too involved with the participants so information recorded is biased which reduces validity

Question 17

What is non-participant observation

Answer 17

Researcher records and observes the participants without taking part in the group’s activities and getting involved

Question 18

Advantages of non participant observation

Answer 18

-Researcherlikely to remain objective which increases internality validity
-Easy to record data

Question 19

Disadvantages of non-participant observation

Answer 19

-Less in-depth information gained as participants are observed from the outside which reduces internal validity -Can misinterpret info due to lack of understanding as outsiders

Question 20

What is Behavioural categories

Answer 20

Identifiable and measurable behaviours example for aggression=number of kicks

Question 21

What is time sampling and the adv and dis

Answer 21

Research records behaviors at that points
✔️Flexible to record an expected types of behaviors
❌Miss behaviors that happens outside of recording period

Question 22

What is event sampling and state the advantage and disadvantage

Answer 22

Researcher records behaviour every time a cards from an operationalized behavioral categories
✔️ the behavior from the list can be recorded at any stage of the observation
❌ can miss relevant behaviour that is not in the list of behavioural categories

Question 23

WHat is Inter Observer reliability

Answer 23

Observers conduct the same observation observation
two observers who are unaware of the true aims of the research can be used to reduce Observer bias ( bouble-blind)