Self Questions Final Flashcards
Sleep is divided into stages based on what?
– electroencephalography (EEG)
– electro-occulogram (EOG)
– electromyogram (EMG)
Sleep is a behavioral state that differs from wakefulness by?
Readily reversible loss of reactivity to an event in one’s environment
(light) theta, delta (low amplitude) horizontal eye
Non REM stage 1
(light) theta, delta, sleep spindles, K complexes
Non REM stage 2
(deep) high amplitude delta (20-50%)
Non REM stage 3
(deep) high amplitude delta (>50%)
Non REM stage 4
Lesions in NTS produce?
cortical desynchronization (waking pattern of EEG)
Direct connections between NTS & majorareas of the limbic system exist where?
(ant. thalamus,hypothalamus, amygdala)
serotonin rich raphe nucleus produces?
Insomnia
What is a melatonin precursor?
Serotonin
what is highly concentrated in the preoptic nucleus and induces both SWS and REM sleep?
Prostaglandin D2
Sleep spindles and delta waves are physiologic events involving what neurons?
GABAergic neurons
During REM sleep what is associated with many
phasic events such as rapid eye movements,changes in respiration, heart rate, muscle twitches, and dreaming?
pontine geniculate occipital spikes (PGO)
Many antidepressants are REM (suppressors/depressors)?
Supressors
Rheobase is what % greater in REM sleep?
30%
Characterized by bursts of excessive limb and body movements during REM sleep?
REM behavior disorder
Increasing sleep
A. Increases leptin, decreases ghrelin
B. Decreases leptin, increases ghrelin
A. Increases leptin, decreases ghrelin
Uncontrolled excessive activity of either part or all of the CNS?
Electrical storm
Termination of a seizure is typically caused by?
Neuronal fatigue
• phenobarbital • dilantin • tegratol • depekene (Valproic Acid) Are all used to treat?
Epilepsy
During treatment for epilepsy, what is removed?
epileptic foci
Ghrelin is from?
GI tract
Leptin is from where?
Adipocytes
Which is considered a mild mental illness? A. dementia B. Bipolar disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality D. anxiety disorders
C. obsessive-compulsive personality
What does Schizophrenia mean
Means shattered mind
Concordance in dizygotic twins for schizophrenia is what percent?
10%
What is the incidence and average age of onset for unipolar depression?
Incidence 5%
Age of onset - 30years
