Sample In Class Final Flashcards
During a sleep study, 40% of the EEG waves are high amplitude low frequency delta waves,what sleep stage is the subject in?
a. REM
b. NREM stage I
c. NREM stage II
d. NREM stage III
e. NREM stage IV
d. NREM stage III
During which sleep stage are spindles involved?
a. REM
b. NREM stage I
c. NREM stage II
d. NREM stage III
e. NREM stage IV
c. NREM stage II
During a sleep study, more than 50% of the EEG waves are high amplitude low frequency delta waves,what sleep stage is the subject in?
a. REM
b. NREM stage I
c. NREM stage II
d. NREM stage III
e. NREM stage IV
e. NREM stage IV
Lesions in the raphe nucleus produce what effect in the short term?
a. narcolepsy
b. seizures
c. insomnia
d. REM behavior disorder
c. insomnia
Experimentally how can REM sleep be induced?
a. Cholinergic stimulation of the medulla
b. adrenergic stimulation of the medulla
c. cholinergic stimulation of the pons
d. adrenergic stimulation of the pons
c. cholinergic stimulation of the pons
What factor has a hypnogenic (sleep inducing) effect on the anterior hypothalamus?
a. PGD2
b. glutamate
c. PGF 2-alpha
d. norepinephrine
a. PGD2
The nucleus basalis of Meynert which functions as a sleep modulating center is associatedwith what type of neuronal projections?
a. adrenergic
b. glutamanergic
c. serotonergic
d. cholinergic
d. cholinergic
In what sleep stage does the EEG resemble the awake state?a. stage II
b. stage IV
c. REM
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
c. REM
Slow wave sleep is associated wth which of the following autonomic changes?
a. Increase SNS, decrease Parasympathtic
b. increase Parasympathetic, decrease SNS
c. Increase SNS, increase Parasympathetic
d. Decrease SNS, decrease Parasympathetic
e. increase Parasympathetic, SNS remains the same
b. increase Parasympathetic, decrease SNS
Kindling may be associated with which of the following?
a. depression
b. sleep apnea
c. binge drinking
d. schizophrenia
c. binge drinking
PGO (pontine geniculate occipital) spikes are associated with what sleep stage?
a. REM
b. NREM stage I
c. NREM stage II
d. NREM stage III
e. NREM stage IV
a. REM
Leptin from adipose had what effect(s). Pick all correct answers.
a. increased hunger
b. increased energy utilization
c. increased food intake
d. decreased food intake
b. increased energy utilization
d. decreased food intake
(Leptin thins)
A 30% increase in rheobase in motor neurons occurs during what sleep stage?
a. NREM stage I
b. NREM stage II
c. NREM stage III
d. NREM stage IV
e. REM
e. REM
Increased levels of what hormone may be associated with weight gain associated with sleepdeprivation by increasing feelings of hunger and increasing food intake?
a. leptin
b. ghrelin
c. thyroxine
d. cortisol
e. growth hormone
b. ghrelin
A common cause of epilepsy is head trauma.
a. true
b. false
a. true
Which of the following is not a precipitating cause of a seizure?
a. fever
b. flashing lights
c. acidosis
d. hyperventilation
c. acidosis (alkalosis is a cause)
Which of the following cognitive symptom associated with schizophrenia involves theprefrontal cortex?
a. poor attention
b. deficits in working memory
c. hallucinations
d. flat effect
b. deficits in working memory
Positive schizophrenic symptoms like delusions and hallucinations are associated with whatexcessive dopaminergic projection activity that originate in the ventral tegmental area?
a. mesocortical
b. mesolimbic
c. mesostriatal
d. mesocerebellar
b. mesolimbic
Negative schizophrenic symptoms like poverty of speech and anhedonia are associated with what excessive dopaminergic projection activity that originate in the ventral tegmental area?
a. mesocortical
b. mesolimbic
c. mesostriatal
d. mesocerebellar
a. mesocortical
In schizophrenia, exaggerated activity of dopaminergic projections from the ventraltegmental area to the neocortex is associated with which of the following?
a. flat affect
b. hallucinations
c. illogical thinking
d. delusions
a. flat affect (withdrawn with no personality)
How likely is an identical twin to become schizophrenia if the other identical twin developsthe disease?
a. less than 1%
b. 10%
c. 40%
d. 100%
c. 40%
Schizophrenics may benefit from what type of diet?
a. high protein, low fat
b. high carbohydrate
c. gluten free
d. a diet rich in omega 3 fatty acids
c. gluten free