Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nuerophysiology 3 > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

0
Q

In what cortical layer would you find the internal granular layer?

A

Layer 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

In what cortical layer would you find mostly axons?

A

Layer 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In what cortical layer would you find the internal pyramidal layer?

A

Layer 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In what cortical layer would you find external pyramidal layer?

A

Layer 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In what cortical layer would you find the external granular layer?

A

Layer 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In what cortical layer would you find a mixture of tissues?

A

Layer 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inhibitory granule cells release primarily what neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stimulatory granule cells release primarily what neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the human cerebral cortex the largest percentage of cortical tissue produce movementswhen electrically stimulated.

a. true
b. false

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which cortical association area is associated with executive functions of behavior?

A

prefrontal association area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Norepinephrine projections to widespread cortical areas, originates primarily from which area?

A

Locus ceruleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Serotonin projections to widespread cortical areas, originates primarily from which area?

A

Raphe nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acetylcholine (ACH ) projections to widespread cortical areas, originates primarily from which area?

A

Mangocellular area of pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glutamate projections to widespread cortical areas, originates primarily from which area?

A

intralaminar area of the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most incoming sensory signals terminate in what cortical layer?

A

Layer 4, internal granular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The major efferent output from cortex to the spinal cord originates from which cells?

A

Pyramidal cells, layer 3 & 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fusiform layers make up which cortical layer?

A

Layer 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cortical neurons in the association areas can change their function as functional demand changes.

a. true
b. false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

According to Michael Merzenich, babies are born ___________.

A

Stupid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cortical neurons that fire, when we observe somebody doing something that helps us relate to what they are doing and perhaps is important in our acquiring those motor skills describes
which neuron?

A

Mirror neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What pathway is important in emotional response transfer between anterior portions of rightand left temporal lobes?

A

Anterior commisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the normal function of cells in the orbital frontal cortex?

A 
function as an error detector, fire when expectation not met.
(Like in OCD)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most left handed individuals have the following cortical dominance?

A

Left 70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Are left or right handed people more likely for dual cortical dominance?

A

Left 15%, right 0%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In individuals that have their corpus callosum (split brain) cut, the left hemisphere tends to match objects based on which criteria?

A

Function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In individuals that have their corpus callosum (split brain) cut, the right hemisphere tends to match objects based on which criteria?

A

Appearance

26
Q

After identification of a face, projections from the fusiform gyrus to which area allow us to gage the emotional significance, if any, of what has been identified?

A

Amygdala

27
Q

After Phineas Gage recovered what about him changed?

A

He made a full physical recovery, but personality altered

28
Q

What symptoms are associated with prefrontal labotomies?

A

a. loss of ability to solve complex problems
b. DECREASED level of aggressiveness
c. loss of ambition
d. purposeless motor activity

29
Q

Normally what allows the bulk of information transfer between cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

30
Q

In most people the right cortex is actually dominate for which functions?

A

Non-verbal visual experiences

31
Q

In most people the left cortex is actually dominate for which functions?

A

Solving complex math problems

32
Q

In most people the frontal cortex is actually dominate for which functions?

A

Prognostication

33
Q

What is one function of the ventromedial region of the frontal lobe?

A

Processing of emotion

34
Q

One major side effect electroconvulsive shock therapy for depression is?

A

Memory loss

35
Q

The size of a cortical cell body correlates best with?

A

The length of its axon

36
Q

Every cubic inch of cerebral cortex has about how many miles of nerve fibers in it?

A

10,000

37
Q

Which areais most important in declarative/reflective/episodic memory function?

A

Hippocampus

38
Q

Which area is important in reflexive learning or memory, i.e. physical skills repeatedover and over.

A

Cerebellum

39
Q

The hippocampus receives its primary input from the entorhinal cortex via which twopathways?

A

Alveolar and perforant pathways

40
Q

Which area promotes more flexible associations with memory function, i.e.recognizing a business colleague at the grocery store.

A

Hippocampus

41
Q

In memory, the links between individual neurons, which bind them into a single memory are formed through which process?

A

Long term potentiation

42
Q

The NMDA receptor is associated with synaptic learning and memory. Which of the following statements regarding its function is true?

a. it is strictly ligand gated
b. it is strictly voltage gated
c. it is both ligand and voltage gated
d. it is neither ligand nor voltage gated

A

c. it is both ligand and voltage gated

43
Q

Habituation is best described as?

a. seen following a noxious stimulus
b. important in acquisition of language
c. decrease in response to repetitive benign stimulus
d. association between unconditioned & conditioned stimulus

A

c. decrease in response to repetitive benign stimulus

44
Q

Sensitization is best described as?

a. seen following a noxious stimulus
b. important in acquisition of language
c. decrease in response to repetitive benign stimulus
d. association between unconditioned & conditioned stimulus

A

a. seen following a noxious stimulus

45
Q

Imitative learning is best described as?

a. seen following a noxious stimulus
b. important in acquisition of language
c. decrease in response to repetitive benign stimulus
d. association between unconditioned & conditioned stimulus

A

b. important in acquisition of language

46
Q

Innervated cells release what substances that promote proper innervation of those cells?

A

Nerve growth factors

47
Q

Coherent waves, interference patterns, principal of reconstruction, redundancy of recording are all associated with?

A

Holographic memory

48
Q

What area controls the overall level of cortical activity, is excitatory, and a lesion here willresult in coma?

A

Reticular formation of the pons

49
Q

In HM, what memory function was still intact following his hippocampal removal.

A

Reflexive memory

50
Q

Cells of the oral pontine reticular formation associated with wakefulness and tonic corticalactivation release what neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

51
Q

Strong stimulation in the central gray surrounding the aqueduct of sylvius is associated with?

A

An Unpleasant feeling

52
Q

Ventral tegmental area is associated with which neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine

53
Q

The Magnocellular nucleus is associated with which neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine

54
Q

The Locus ceruleus is associated with which neurotransmitter?

A

Norepinephrine

55
Q

What area exerts control over both, SNS and parasympathetic nervous system, as well as the pituitary gland?

A

Hypothalmus

56
Q

Which of the following was not part of the original “Papez circuit”?a. cingulated gyrus

b. hippocampal formation
c. amygdala
d. mamillary body

A

Amygdala

57
Q

Stimulation in this area will cause an animal to stop the undesired behavior?

A

central gray around the aqueduct of Sylvius

58
Q

What are the two basic emotional states?

A

Conservation and arousal

59
Q

Which hypothalamic nuclei when stimulated is associated with rage, fighting, thirst?

A

Lateral hypothalmus

60
Q

Satiety and tranquility is associated with stimulation of what hypothalamic nucleus/area?

A

Ventralmedial nucleus

61
Q

Which area of the cortex functions as a gutter, which highly processed sensory signals drain into after complex sensory processing?

A

Hippocampus

62
Q

Bilateral ablation of the amygdala is associated with all of the following except?

a. loss of fear
b. decreased sex drive
c. excessive tendency to examine objects orally
d. changes in dietary habits

A

B. decreased sex drive.

63
Q

Who said “your beliefs become your thought, your thoughts become your words, your wordsbecome your actions, your actions become your habits, your habits become your values, your
values become your destiny?

A

B. J. Palmer

Nuerophysiology 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions