Sample W3 Final Flashcards
What sleep state is characterized by strong inhibition of most muscle tone throughout the body.
a. stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. slow wave e. REM
e. REM
In slow wave sleep, which division of the autonomic nervous system is stimulated
a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic
b. parasympathetic
Which of the following is a sleep modulating center, involved in both sleep and arousal?
a. locus ceruleus
b. dorsolateral pontine tegmentum
c. nucleus basalis of Meynert
d. nucleus tractus solitarius (solitary tract nucleus)
c. nucleus basalis of Meynert
Which of the following statements regarding REM sleep is not true.
a. associated with active dreaming
b. brain is highly active with EEG similar to awake state
c. easy to awake from external stimuli
d. characterized by irregular heart rate and respiratory rate
c. easy to awake from external stimuli
The primary biological clock for the sleep wake cycle resides in which of the following?
a. pineal gland •release melatonin
b. amygdala
c. cerebellum
d. suprachiasmatic nucleus
e. along the course of the medial forebrain bundle
d. suprachiasmatic nucleus
Which of the following appears to be a somnogenic neurotransmitter? (involved in the induction of sleep?
a. adenosine
b. norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine
d. substance P
a. adenosine
Blocking serotonin synthesis will prevent sleep for as long as synthesis is blocked.
a. true, b. false
a. true
Irrational behavior, twitching, wandering aimlessly, generally of short duration, is characteristic of a petite mal seizure.
a. true b. false
a. true
Surgical excision of epileptic foci can often prevent seizures.
a. true b. false
a. true
Which of the following, is most likely to trigger an epileptic seizure in someone predisposed?
a. strobe light (secondary)
b. inhalation of CO2
c. infusion of sodium lactate
d. loss of a loved one (secondary)
b. inhalation of CO2
Seasonal affective disorder is best treated with which of the following?
a. benzodiazapines
b. MAO inhibitors
c. full spectrum light
d. melatonin
e. electroconvulsive therapy
c. full spectrum light
The majority of dementia is of a non-Alzheimer’s variety.
a. true b. false
b. false 70%
In Alzheimer’s disease, there is a severe deficiency of what neurotransmitter in the brain?
a. GABA b. dopamine c. acetylcholine d. ACTH
e. interleukin I
c. acetylcholine
Some forms of dementia are reversible, and may be due to nutritional deficiencies.
a. true b. false
a. true
A genetic component to certain forms of Alzheimer’s include a DNA marker on which chromosome?
a. the X chromosome
b. chromosome 21
c. all chromosomes
d. chromosome 18
e. the Y chromosome
b. chromosome 21
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic finding in Alzheimer’s disease?
a. amyloid deposition
b. neurofibrillary tangles
c. neuronal cell loss in hippocampus
d. increased receptors for dopamine
d. increased receptors for dopamine
Decreased somatostatin, NPY, Corticotropin RF, Substance P & VIP
Treating a patient with L-dopa for Parkinson’s disease can be associated with which of the following drug induced conditions?
a. depression
b. dementia
c. epilepsy
d. schizophrenia
d. schizophrenia
All of the following are commonly associated with schizophrenia EXCEPT
a. epileptic seizures
b. delusions
c. hallucinations
d. incoherence
e. poverty of speech
a. epileptic seizures
What group of drugs have been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia?
a. monoamine oxidase inhibitors
b. biogenic amine uptake blockers
c. dopamine receptor blockers
d. serotonin uptake blockers
e. Phenobarbital depressants
c. dopamine receptor blockers
In severe depression 40-60% of patients have elevated levels of _________.
a. GABA b. acetylcholine c. prolactin d. cortisol
a. GABA
Diminished activity of both dopamine and serotonin have been associated with depression.
a. true b. false
B. false
In anxiety disorders, there is intense over activity of the which of the following?
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system
c. enteric nervous system
d. somatic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Prozac blocks the re-uptake of which of the following?
a. norepinephrine
b. dopamine
c. serotonin
d. acetylcholine
Serotonin
Which of the following treatments, is reported to have the highest success rate in treating well defined major depression?
a. monoamine oxidase inhibitors
b. tricyclic compounds
c. electroconvulsive shock therapy
d. serotonin uptake blockers
c. electroconvulsive shock therapy
Which of the following statements concerning aging is true.
a. age related changes are irreversible
b. age related changes are independent of thymic function
c. age related changes parallel a decline in thymic function
d. a thymic graft has no effect on age related changes
c. age related changes parallel a decline in thymic function
Under normal conditions, most of the energy the brain utilizes, is supplied by which of the following?
a. glucose b. pyruvate c. fatty acids d. sucrose e. amino acids
A. Glucose
The CSF is produced by?
Choroid plexus
The CSF turnsover about how many times a day?
3 times a day
What is the total CSF volume?
150ml
CSF enters the blood vascular system and is therefore vented by which of the following?
a. foramen of Magendie
b. foramen of Luschka
c. aqueduct of Sylvius
d. foramen of Monro
e. arachnoidal villi
e. arachnoidal villi
The brain normally receives about what percentage of the total cardiac output?
a. 5% b. 15% c. 25%. d. 50%. e. 75%
b. 15%
Insulin is required for transport of glucose into neurons in the brain.
a. true b. false
B. false
Alpha MSH has been shown to have which of the following activity?
a. phagocytic
b. antipyrogenic
c. immunosuppressive
d. antidepressant
Immunosuppressive
Activation of GABA receptors cause which of the following?
a. opening of Ca++ channels
b. closure of Ca++ channels
c. opening of Na+ channels
d. opening of Cl- channels
d. opening of Cl- channels
In a individual with a history of panic attacks, an attack can be induced by ______.
a. infusion of sodium lactate into blood
b. exposure to a strobe light
c. electroconvulsive shock therapy
d. hyperventilation
e. all of the above
a. infusion of sodium lactate into blood (also inhalation of CO2)
