Self-Management Flashcards
Self-Management
-the deliberate application of principles of self-change
-Behaviour deficits
- desirable behaviours are not occurring
- reinforcers may be delayed
- high response effort to obtain the reinforcer
- reinforcers may have little value
- competing contingencies offer immediate reinforcement
- competing contingencies offer stronger reinforcers
- punishing contingencies may be in place
- consider the role of antecedent stimuli in environment
- S^Ds
- S^DELTAs
hyperbolic delay model
delayed reinforcement can create preference reversals
smaller sooner - larger later
Coping with Delayed Reinforcers
- commit to delayed behaviours early and punish non-compliance of this commitment
e. g., throw out a game to punish playing Xbox - Make the non-compliant behaviour delayed or harder to perform
- e.g., disconnect your Xbox and out into storage
- Remove or delay SDs for engaging in the non-compliant behaviour
- e.g., keep your Xbox tucked away in a shel where it is “out of sight and out of mind”
- Make the non-compliant behaviour impossible
- e.g., sell your Xbox
- Incorporate immediate reinforcers for engaging in the compliant behaviour
- e.g., give yourself a gummy bear for every paragraph of you textbook your read
-Behavioural Excess
- undesirable behaviours are occurring
- punishers may be delayed (e.g., effects of smoking)
- immediate reinforcers present
- low response costs to obtain immediate. Reinforcers
- competing contingencies offer weak reinforcers
- competing contingencies may be punished
- consider the role of antecedent stimuli in environment
- S^Ds
- S^DELTAs
Self-Management Process
-in self-management you engage in a controlling behaviour in the present to influence the controlled behaviour in the future
-controlling behaviour
self-management strategy
-controlled behaviour
target behaviour to be changed in a self-management program
Self-Management Strategies
-Goal setting
-establish a criterion for the target behaviour
-set achievable goals
- implement with self-recording, behaviour contract
- goal setting is not generally effective on its own, needs (at a minimum) to be combined with behavioural monitoring and evaluation
-Self-monitoring and evaluation
- can allow reactivity to work in your favour
- can be a long-term maintenance strategy
-Antecedent Manipulations
- present S^Ds for desirable behaviours
- present S^deltas for undesirable behaviours
- Remove S^Ds for undesirable behaviours
- Remove S^deltas for desirable behaviours
- Arrange a EO for desirable behaviours (depreciation)
- Arrange an AO for undesirable behaviours (satiation)
- Increase response effort or delays for undesirable behaviours
- Decrease response efforts or delays for desirable behaviours
- Build behaviour chains for desirable behaviours
- Interrupt behaviour chains for undesirable behaviours
- Narrow the range of stimulus control to specific environments or stimuli
-Behavioural Contract
- written document specifying:
- the target behaviours
- contingencies
- what are the reinforcers and/or punishers
- what is the schedule of reinforcement/ punishment
- create contingencies for the behaviour occurrence and non-occurrence if possible
- Having a Contract Manager is very important
- Make your contract/plan public fo there are social consequences for failing and succeeding
Arrange Reinforcers and Punishers
- Avoid “short-circuiting” the contingency
- have someone else controlling the consequences
- be cautious of Ratio-strain
- consider effects of satiation and deprivation in EOS
- have multiple reinforcers to choose fro
- token economies
- Make use of variable schedules of reinforcement whenever possible and gradual stretch the seclude requirement
Variable Schedules of Reinforcement
Variable Schedules in Self-Modification
- Plan: study on a variable duration schedule with an average of 60 mins
- Must ensure that schedule values in effect are ‘hidden’
- Use apps that randomize time
- Build a timer in Python
- have another person administer the reinforcers
- Gradually build to larger requirements
-Social support
- arranging reinforcers and punishers through close friends/family
- Natural cues for behaviours
- especially helpful with others engaging in self-management
-Self-Instructions
- statement that makes it more likely a target behaviour will occur in a specific situation
- i.e., it’s a controlling antecedent stimuli (S^D)
- use in conjunction with self-praise
-Self-Praise
- making positive statements to yourself or providing positive evaluations of your own behaviour after engaging in the appropriate behaviour
- i.e., conditioned reinforcer like the dog clicker
- Note: Use of self-instructions and praise is leaner over time
- decide when they will occur and what they will be (i.e., make them contingent on things)
Common Problems
- unclear descriptions of antecedents and consequences in the functional assessment
- referring to emotions such as “it made me sad: as opposed to describing the behaviours that make up that emotion
- e.g., sadness = crying, slouched postures not socializing, comfort eating
- not describing what activities were engaged in before and after a behaviour occurs (or didn’t occur)
- unclear description of intervention procedures
- e.g.,
- I’ll just make myself do it
- ill worker harder to stop it
- Ill talk myself into doing I t
- Procedures aren’t practical – too much $$, time, or effort
i. e., ratio-strain - Procedures are not based on functional assessment information
- Consequences are too delayed to be effective
- Consequences are too weak or easily short-circuited