Self Guide Self Test LAB 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Match the lung capacity terms listed in the left column with the appropriate formula from the column on the right.
(Match)

LEFT:
Total Lung Capacity
Vital Capacity
Functional Residual Capacity
Inspiratory Capacity

RIGHT:

IRV + TV

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

IRV + TV + ERV

ERV + RV

A

Total Lung Capacity = IRV + TV + ERV + RV
Vital Capacity = IRV + TV + ERV
Functional Residual Capacity = ERV + RV
Inspiratory Capacity = IRV + TV

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2
Q

Match the lung volume terms listed in the left column with the appropriate definition from the column on the right.
(match)

LEFT:
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume

RIGHT:

-amount of air inhaled per breath during normal breathing

-amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal expiratory effort

-amount of air that can be inspired above and beyond that inspired during a normal quiet inspiration

-maximal amount of air that can be expired following a normal quiet expiration

A

Tidal volume = amount of air inhaled per breath during normal breathing

Inspiratory reserve volume = amount of air that can be inspired above and beyond that inspired during a normal quiet inspiration

Expiratory reserve volume = maximal amount of air that can be expired following a normal quiet expiration

Residual volume = amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal expiratory effort

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3
Q

Match each of the lung volumes or capacities identified in the figure with its appropriate name.

A
B
D
A+B+C
A+B+C+D

Options:

-Vital Capacity
-Tidal Volume
-Residual Volume
-Total Lung Capacity
-Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

A = Tidal Volume
B = Inspiratory Reserve Volume
D = Residual Volume
A+B+C = Vital Capacity
A+B+C+D = Total Lung Capacity

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4
Q

Match the pulmonary function test with the best normal value from the items listed in the column on the right.
(match)

LEFT:
Tital volume at rest
Total lung capacity in men
Total lung capacity in women
FEV1
FEV3

RIGHT:
75-85%
0.5 liters
4.6 liters
>97%
6.0 liters

A

Tital volume at rest = 0.5 liters
Total lung capacity in men = 6.0 liters
Total lung capacity in women = 4.6 liters
FEV1 = 75-85%
FEV3 = >97%

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5
Q

BTPS refers to:

a) body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated gas

b) body temperature, standard pressure (760 mm Hg)

c) room temperature, ambient pressure, gas at ambient humidity

d) standard temperature; gas at ambient humidity, standard pressure

A

a) body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated gas

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6
Q

Given the data shown in the following chart, what is the subject’s percent of predicted vital capacity.

92%

1.08 %

108%

Cannot be determined from the information given.

A

108%

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7
Q

A subject exhales 7.9 liters in one minute. The BTPS factor for the room temperature is 1.18. What is the subject’s ventilation corrected for BTPS? Round your answer to the nearest 1/10.

A

9.3

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8
Q

Given the data in the chart below, what is the subject’s FEV1 measured in %?

A

90

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9
Q

Your subject has a forced vital capacity of 4.9 liters and a predicted vital capacity based on age, height and gender of 4.5 liters. What is their percent of predicted vital capacity? Record your answer to the nearest percent.

A

109

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10
Q

Calculate the volume in liters that a subject exhaled in one second if their vital capacity is 4.4 liters and their FEV 1 is 82 percent. Calculate to the nearest 1/10 liter.

A

3.6

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11
Q

Evaluate this subject’s airway resistance.

a) Airway resistance is greater than normal.

b) Airway resistance is less than expected.

c) Airway resistance is within the normal range.

d) Cannot be determined from information provided.

A

b) Airway resistance is less than expected.

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12
Q

The data in the chart below was collected during a ventilation experiment like the one done in the laboratory. Calculate the parameters listed in the left column and match with the correct response from the right column.

LEFT:

Initial breaths/min
End breaths/min
Mean breaths/min
3 minute volume corrected for BTPS
Ventilation
Tidal volume

RIGHT:

7.27 liters/min
12 breaths/min
0.56 liters/breath
21.82 liters
14 breaths/min
13 breaths/min

A

Initial breaths/min = 14 breaths/min
End breaths/min = 12 breaths/min
Mean breaths/min = 13 breaths/min
3 minute volume corrected for BTPS = 21.82 liters
Ventilation = 7.27 liters/min
Tidal volume = 0.56 liters/breath

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13
Q

The composition of room air:

a) varies with altitude.

b) is ~17% O2, ~4% CO2, and 79% N2.

c) is 20.93% O2, 0.04% CO2, and 79% N2.

d) both a and c are true.

A

c) is 20.93% O2, 0.04% CO2, and 79% N2.

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14
Q

Your subject has a total expired volume of air of 16 liters over 3 minutes (liters/3 minutes). You determine their breath rate to be 13 breaths per minute. Calculate his tidal volume in liters per breath. Record answer to the nearest 1/10 unit.

A

.4

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15
Q

Match the component of the respiratory control system listed in the left column with the appropriate definition from the column on the right.

LEFT:

Stimulus
Receptors
Afferent Pathway
Integrator
Somatic Efferent Pathway
Autonomic Efferent Pathway
Effectors
Response

RIGHT:

-Neurons to diaphragm and intercostal muscles

-Changes in blood levels of CO2 and O2

-Change in VE (breath rate and/or tidal volume) to bring CO2 and O2 levels back toward steady state

-Sensory neurons from chemoreceptors to Respiratory center

-Sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons to bronchiole smooth muscle

-Respiratory Center in medulla and pons

-Bronchiole smooth muscle, diaphragm, intercostal muscles

-Chemoreceptors located in aortic arch and carotid sinus

A

Stimulus = Changes in blood levels of CO2 and O2

Receptors = Chemoreceptors located in aortic arch and carotid sinus

Afferent Pathway = Sensory neurons from chemoreceptors to Respiratory center

Integrator = Respiratory Center in medulla and pons

Somatic Efferent Pathway = Neurons to diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Autonomic Efferent Pathway = Sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons to bronchiole smooth muscle

Effectors = Bronchiole smooth muscle, diaphragm, intercostal muscles

Response = Change in VE (breath rate and/or tidal volume) to bring CO2 and O2 levels back toward steady state

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16
Q

In subjects with normal lung function at sea level or moderate altitudes, ___________ has the greatest effect on increasing ventilation.

a) mild hypoxia

b) hypercapnia

c) hyperoxia

d) hypocapnia

A

b) hypercapnia

17
Q

Hyperventilation results in _____ levels.
(multiple answers)

c) no change in blood oxygen

e) decreased blood carbon dioxide

A

C, E

18
Q

What is the effect of hypocapnia on ventilation?

a) increases

b) decreases

c) has no effect

A

b) decreases

19
Q

What is the effect of hypercapnia on ventilation?

a) increases

b) decreases

c) has no effect

A

a) increases

20
Q

What is the effect of hypoxia on ventilation?

a) increases

b) decreases

c) has no effect

A

a) increases

21
Q

What is the effect of hyperoxia on ventilation?

a) increases

b) decreases

c) has no effect

A

c) has no effect

22
Q

Which of the following statements are true?
(multiple choice)

a) Haldane-Priestly end-expiratory samples can be used to estimate pulmonary capillary blood levels of CO2.

b) Blood gases diffuse across the cell membranes in the lungs so rapidly that at any point in time CO2 and O2 levels in the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries are in equilibrium.

A

A,B

23
Q

Typical values for an end-expiratory sample of gas collected following a one minute breath hold might be:

a) 0.04% CO2

b) 20.93% O2

c) 1-2% CO2

d) 5-6% CO2

A

d) 5-6% CO2

24
Q

The data in the table below was collected from a subject using a small balloon to collect an Haldane-Priestly end-expiratory gas sample. Sample___ represents an end-expiratory sample collected following a breath-hold, sample ___ represents an end-expiratory sample collected following hyperventilation, and sample ___ is the control resting sample.

a) X, Y, Z

b) X, Z, Y

c) Y, Z, X

d) Y, X, Z

e) Z, X, Y

f) Z, Y, X

A

c) Y, Z, X

25
Q

What happens to oxygen levels in the blood during a breath-hold?
Group of answer choices

a) increase

b) decrease

c) do not change

A

b) decrease

26
Q

What happens to carbon dioxide levels in the blood during a breath-hold?

a) increase

b) decrease

c) do not change

A

a) increase

27
Q

Hyperventilation results in _____blood CO2 levels, which ____ breath-hold time, while breath-holding ______ blood CO2 levels resulting in _____ urge to breath.

a) increased; increases; decreases; an increased

b) decreased; decreases; increases; a decreased

c) increased; decreases; decreases; a decreased

d) decreased; increases; increases; an increased

A

d) decreased; increases; increases; an increased

28
Q

The Sympathetic Nervous System _____ smooth muscle contraction, which _____ diameter and _____ airway resistance.

a) increases, increases, increases

b) increases, increases, decreases

c) increases, decreases, increases

d) increases, decreases, decreases

e) decreases, increases, increases

f) decreases, increases, decreases

g) decreases, decreases, increases

h) decreases, decreases, decreases

A

f) decreases, increases, decreases

29
Q

The Paraympathetic Nervous System _____ smooth muscle contraction, which _____ diameter and _____ airway resistance.

a) increases, increases, increases

b) increases, increases, decreases

c) increases, decreases, increases

d) increases, decreases, decreases

e) decreases, increases, increases

f) decreases, increases, decreases

g) decreases, decreases, increases

h) decreases, decreases, decreases

A

c) increases, decreases, increases

30
Q

What is the most appropriate type (cholinergic or adrenergic) of agonist and/or antagonist for decreasing airway resistance? Select all appropriate drug classes.
(multiple choice)

b) Cholinergic Antagonists

c) Adrenergic Agonists

A

b) Cholinergic Antagonists

c) Adrenergic Agonists

31
Q

Match the causes for each of the following diseases

Bronchitis
Asthma
Emphysema
Lung Cancer

Options:

-heredity and smoking

-inflammation of airways caused by pollution, smoking or chronic infection

-smoking (in 90% of all cases) ultimately leading to a loss of surface area and air way collapse especially during exhalation

-inflammatory response accompanied by bronchoconstriction

A

Bronchitis = inflammation of airways caused by pollution, smoking or chronic infection

Asthma = inflammatory response accompanied by bronchoconstriction

Emphysema = smoking (in 90% of all cases) ultimately leading to a loss of surface area and air way collapse especially during exhalation

Lung Cancer = heredity amd smoking

32
Q

Match the prevention or treatments for each of the following diseases

Bronchitis
Asthma
Emphysema
Lung Cancer

Options:

-stop smoking, supplemental oxygen

-remove source of irritation

-surgery

-anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilators

A

Bronchitis = remove source of irritation

Asthma = anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilators

Emphysema = stop smoking, supplemental oxygen

Lung Cancer = surgery