EXAM 3 Practice test

Question 1

You are given an isolated turtle heart preparation with the sinus venosus, atria,and ventricle separated. You count the ventricular rate and find it to be 12 beats per minute. What rates might you expect to find for the sinus venosus and atria, respectively?

12 beats/min, 12 beats/min

15 beats/min, 20 beats/min

20 beats/min, 15 beats/min

9 beats/min, 6 beats/min

Answer 1

20 beats/min, 15 beats/min

Question 2

Acetylcholine __________ heart rate. This is accomplished partly by _____ the rate of Ca++ influx through leakage channels into cardiac pacemaker cells.

increases, increasing

increases, decreasing

decreases, decreasing

decreases, increasing

Answer 2

decreases, decreasing

Question 3

During the cardiac cycle, an extra systole can be induced by electrical stimulation during:

the latent period

the absolute refractory period

the relative refractory period

systole

Answer 3

the relative refractory period

Question 4

Following the addition of atropine to the pericardial cavity of a turtle heart preparation, stimulation of the vagus nerve:

decreases heart rate

increases heart rate

has no effect on heart rate

decreases, then increases the heart rate, as parasympathetic stimulation continues

Answer 4

has no effect on heart rate

Question 5

Which of the following parts of the heart is well supplied with sympathetic neurons and a limited number of parasympathetic neurons?

atria

ventricles

sino-atrial node

intercalated disks

Answer 5

ventricles

Question 6

Read the the following two statements and determine the most appropriate assessment.

A. Heart rate in the presence of epinephrine
B. Heart rate in the presence of atropine

Opinions:
A is greater than B

B is greater than A

A is approximately equal to B

Answer 6

A is greater than B

Question 7

Hypertension:

Options:

is commonly called “a silent killer.”

is often diagnosed because of severe headaches and dizziness

can be treated and permanently cured.

is diagnosed by a single elevated blood pressure reading.

Answer 7

is commonly called “a silent killer.”

Question 7

Systolic blood pressure is reflected or influenced by ____, whereas diastolic pressure is reflected by ______.

Options:
heart rate; stroke volume

peripheral resistance; cardiac output

cardiac output; heart rate

cardiac output; peripheral resistance

Answer 7

cardiac output; peripheral resistance

Question 8

Normally, during moderate exercise, diastolic blood pressure _________; and at the same time systolic blood pressure ________.

Options:

increases or remains the same; decreases

decreases or remains the same; increases

increases or remains the same; increases

increases; remains the same.

Answer 8

decreases or remains the same; increases

Question 9

Which of the following formulas is correct?

Options:
Mean arterial pressure = stroke volume X heart rate

Mean arterial pressure = cardiac output X heart rate

Mean arterial pressure = cardiac output X peripheral resistance

Mean arterial pressure = «(systolic pressure + diastolic pressure)

Answer 9

Mean arterial pressure = cardiac output X peripheral resistance

Question 10

Due to Starling’s Law, an increased venous return leads to a/an:

Options:
increased force of contraction

decreased force of contraction.

increased QRS amplitude.

decreased QRS amplitude

Answer 10

increased force of contraction

Question 11

Read the the following two statements and detemine the most appropriate assessment.

A. Effect of arteriolar vasoconstriction on systolic pressure
B. Effect of venoconstriction on systolic pressure

Options:
A is greater than B

B is greater than A

A is approximately equal to B

Answer 11

B is greater than A

Question 12

Your subject breathes a gas mixture from a balloon. Which gas mixture causes the greatest increase in ventilation?

Options:
95% O2, 5% N2

21% 02, 0.04% CO2, 79% N2

100% O2

95% O2, 5% CO2

Answer 12

95% O2, 5% CO2

Question 13

An individual with a normal resting tidal volume is given a drug for pain which also depresses his respiration. The breathing rate decreased from 20 breaths/min to 10 breaths/min. The change in ventilation or minute volume or of respiration would be approximately:

Options:
10 breaths/min.

5 liters/min.

500 ml/breath

none of the above

Answer 13

5 liters/min.

Question 13

When a person hyperventilates, the amount of CO2 in their blood ______. This results in a/an _____ “urge to breathe”.

Options:
drops; increased

climbs; increased

drops; decreased

climbs; decreased

Answer 13

drops; decreased

Question 14

Alveolar end expiratory samples, as collected in our pulmonary physiology experiment, sample air primarily from the ________, and represent the gas levels found in _______.

Options:
alveoli; venous blood

alveoli; arterial blood

bronchi; venous blood

bronchi; arterial blood

Answer 14

alveoli; arterial blood

Question 15

_________ percent of predicted in the forced vital capacity is observed in patients having diseases such as ______ that increase airway resistance.

Options:
An increased; bronchitis

A decreased; asthma

An increased; asthma

No change in the; bronchitis

Answer 15

A decreased; asthma

Question 16

In the laboratory ______ calorimetry measures heat production, while _______ calorimetry requires the measurement of oxygen consumption.

Options:
direct, indirect

direct, bomb

indirect, direct

bomb, indirect

Answer 16

direct, indirect

Question 16

Read the the following two statements and determine the most appropriate assessment.

A. VE if breath rate increases while tidal volume remains the same
B. VE if breath rate increases while tidal volume decreases

Options:

A is greater than B

B is greater than A

A is approximately equal to B

Answer 16

A is greater than B

Question 17

Which of the following is not a standard condition required to accurately measure basal metabolic rates?

Options:
The patient is awake and resting.

The patient performs a specfic set of exercises for standardization.

The patient has been fasting for 12 hours prior to the test.

The room temperature is comfortable, not hot enough to cause sweating nor cool enough to cause shivering.

Answer 17

The patient performs a specfic set of exercises for standardization.

Question 18

Which of the following best represents the gas concentrations of room air?

Options:
FIO2 = 0.17; FICO2 = 0.04

FIO2 = 0.21; FICO2 = 0.04

FIO2 = 0.17; FICO2 = 0.0004

FIO2 = 0.21; FICO2 = 0.0004

Answer 18

FIO2 = 0.21; FICO2 = 0.0004

Question 19

Which of the following factors increase metabolic rate?

Options:
ingestion of food

caffeine ingestion

decreased room temperature

all of the above

Answer 19

all of the above

Question 20

When comparing the oxygen consumption, heat production,and metabolic rate of a human and a young rat, which of the following conclusions can you make?

Options:
Under identical ambient conditions the rat has a higher STPD factor.

The human has a lower total O2 consumption (liter/minute), but higher metabolic intensity (kcal/kg - hr).

The rat has a lower total O2 consumption (liter/minute) and higher metabolic intensity (kcal/kg - hr).

The human has a lower total heat production (kcal/hr), but a higher total of O2 consumption (liter/hour).

Answer 20

The rat has a lower total O2 consumption (liter/minute) and higher metabolic intensity (kcal/kg - hr).

Question 21

Read the the following two statements and determine the most appropriate assessment.

A. Metabolic rate when exposed to a cold environment.
B. Metabolic rate when exposed to room temperature.

Options:
A is greater than B

B is greater than A

A is approximately equal to B

Answer 21

A is greater than B