EXAM 3 Practice test Flashcards
You are given an isolated turtle heart preparation with the sinus venosus, atria,and ventricle separated. You count the ventricular rate and find it to be 12 beats per minute. What rates might you expect to find for the sinus venosus and atria, respectively?
12 beats/min, 12 beats/min
15 beats/min, 20 beats/min
20 beats/min, 15 beats/min
9 beats/min, 6 beats/min
20 beats/min, 15 beats/min
Acetylcholine __________ heart rate. This is accomplished partly by _____ the rate of Ca++ influx through leakage channels into cardiac pacemaker cells.
increases, increasing
increases, decreasing
decreases, decreasing
decreases, increasing
decreases, decreasing
During the cardiac cycle, an extra systole can be induced by electrical stimulation during:
the latent period
the absolute refractory period
the relative refractory period
systole
the relative refractory period
Following the addition of atropine to the pericardial cavity of a turtle heart preparation, stimulation of the vagus nerve:
decreases heart rate
increases heart rate
has no effect on heart rate
decreases, then increases the heart rate, as parasympathetic stimulation continues
has no effect on heart rate
Which of the following parts of the heart is well supplied with sympathetic neurons and a limited number of parasympathetic neurons?
atria
ventricles
sino-atrial node
intercalated disks
ventricles
Read the the following two statements and determine the most appropriate assessment.
A. Heart rate in the presence of epinephrine
B. Heart rate in the presence of atropine
Opinions:
A is greater than B
B is greater than A
A is approximately equal to B
A is greater than B
Hypertension:
Options:
is commonly called “a silent killer.”
is often diagnosed because of severe headaches and dizziness
can be treated and permanently cured.
is diagnosed by a single elevated blood pressure reading.
is commonly called “a silent killer.”
Systolic blood pressure is reflected or influenced by ____, whereas diastolic pressure is reflected by ______.
Options:
heart rate; stroke volume
peripheral resistance; cardiac output
cardiac output; heart rate
cardiac output; peripheral resistance
cardiac output; peripheral resistance
Normally, during moderate exercise, diastolic blood pressure _________; and at the same time systolic blood pressure ________.
Options:
increases or remains the same; decreases
decreases or remains the same; increases
increases or remains the same; increases
increases; remains the same.
decreases or remains the same; increases
Which of the following formulas is correct?
Options:
Mean arterial pressure = stroke volume X heart rate
Mean arterial pressure = cardiac output X heart rate
Mean arterial pressure = cardiac output X peripheral resistance
Mean arterial pressure = «(systolic pressure + diastolic pressure)
Mean arterial pressure = cardiac output X peripheral resistance
Due to Starling’s Law, an increased venous return leads to a/an:
Options:
increased force of contraction
decreased force of contraction.
increased QRS amplitude.
decreased QRS amplitude
increased force of contraction
Read the the following two statements and detemine the most appropriate assessment.
A. Effect of arteriolar vasoconstriction on systolic pressure
B. Effect of venoconstriction on systolic pressure
Options:
A is greater than B
B is greater than A
A is approximately equal to B
B is greater than A
Your subject breathes a gas mixture from a balloon. Which gas mixture causes the greatest increase in ventilation?
Options:
95% O2, 5% N2
21% 02, 0.04% CO2, 79% N2
100% O2
95% O2, 5% CO2
95% O2, 5% CO2
An individual with a normal resting tidal volume is given a drug for pain which also depresses his respiration. The breathing rate decreased from 20 breaths/min to 10 breaths/min. The change in ventilation or minute volume or of respiration would be approximately:
Options:
10 breaths/min.
5 liters/min.
500 ml/breath
none of the above
5 liters/min.
When a person hyperventilates, the amount of CO2 in their blood ______. This results in a/an _____ “urge to breathe”.
Options:
drops; increased
climbs; increased
drops; decreased
climbs; decreased
drops; decreased
Alveolar end expiratory samples, as collected in our pulmonary physiology experiment, sample air primarily from the ________, and represent the gas levels found in _______.
Options:
alveoli; venous blood
alveoli; arterial blood
bronchi; venous blood
bronchi; arterial blood
alveoli; arterial blood
_________ percent of predicted in the forced vital capacity is observed in patients having diseases such as ______ that increase airway resistance.
Options:
An increased; bronchitis
A decreased; asthma
An increased; asthma
No change in the; bronchitis
A decreased; asthma
In the laboratory ______ calorimetry measures heat production, while _______ calorimetry requires the measurement of oxygen consumption.
Options:
direct, indirect
direct, bomb
indirect, direct
bomb, indirect
direct, indirect
Read the the following two statements and determine the most appropriate assessment.
A. VE if breath rate increases while tidal volume remains the same
B. VE if breath rate increases while tidal volume decreases
Options:
A is greater than B
B is greater than A
A is approximately equal to B
A is greater than B
Which of the following is not a standard condition required to accurately measure basal metabolic rates?
Options:
The patient is awake and resting.
The patient performs a specfic set of exercises for standardization.
The patient has been fasting for 12 hours prior to the test.
The room temperature is comfortable, not hot enough to cause sweating nor cool enough to cause shivering.
The patient performs a specfic set of exercises for standardization.
Which of the following best represents the gas concentrations of room air?
Options:
FIO2 = 0.17; FICO2 = 0.04
FIO2 = 0.21; FICO2 = 0.04
FIO2 = 0.17; FICO2 = 0.0004
FIO2 = 0.21; FICO2 = 0.0004
FIO2 = 0.21; FICO2 = 0.0004
Which of the following factors increase metabolic rate?
Options:
ingestion of food
caffeine ingestion
decreased room temperature
all of the above
all of the above
When comparing the oxygen consumption, heat production,and metabolic rate of a human and a young rat, which of the following conclusions can you make?
Options:
Under identical ambient conditions the rat has a higher STPD factor.
The human has a lower total O2 consumption (liter/minute), but higher metabolic intensity (kcal/kg - hr).
The rat has a lower total O2 consumption (liter/minute) and higher metabolic intensity (kcal/kg - hr).
The human has a lower total heat production (kcal/hr), but a higher total of O2 consumption (liter/hour).
The rat has a lower total O2 consumption (liter/minute) and higher metabolic intensity (kcal/kg - hr).
Read the the following two statements and determine the most appropriate assessment.
A. Metabolic rate when exposed to a cold environment.
B. Metabolic rate when exposed to room temperature.
Options:
A is greater than B
B is greater than A
A is approximately equal to B
A is greater than B
