Self Efficacy Theory Flashcards
state what it is meant by the key term ‘self-efficacy’ (Albert Bandora, 1997;2000)
the belief in one’s own capabilities to execute the actions required to produce desired effects
state what it is meant by the key term ‘sports confidence’ (Vaeley, 1986)
the belief or degree of certainty individual’s possess about their ability to be successful in sport
state the three dimensions of sports confidence
- competitive orientation
- trait specific confidence
- state specific confidence
state what it is meant by the key term ‘competitive orientation’ when talking about the three dimensions of sports confidence
competitive orientation - how individual’s define success (winning or performing well)
state what it is meant by the key term ‘trait sports confidence’ when talking about the three dimensions of sports confidence
trait sports confidence - the degree of certainty an individual usually has about their ability to be successful in sport
state what it is meant by the key term ‘state sports confidence’ when talking about the three dimensions of sports confidence
state sports confidence - the belief an individual possesses at one particular moment about their ability
state 3 facts about people with a weak level of self efficacy
- avoid challenging tasks
- believe difficult tasks = beyond capabilities
- focus on personal failings + negative outcomes
- quickly lose confidence in personal abilities
state 3 facts about people with a strong level of self efficacy
- view challenging tasks to be mastered
- develop deeper interests in activities in the face of difficulty
- become more committed to activities following failures
- recover quickly from set-backs and dissappointments
who conducted, and what was the reason for conducting, the 2014 study on sports confidence (4 points)
- Hanton, Mellalieu, and Hall, 2014
- how does sports confidence relate to competition anxiety and the interpretation of thoughts and physical sensations?
- interviews with 10 elite athletes
- comparison made between athletes with high vs low self confidence
what was the result of the study in 2014 on self confidence in sport, conducted by Hanton, Mellalieu and Hall
- high self confidence individuals viewed pre competition anxiety as controllable and that it facilitated performance
- low self confidence individual’s viewed pre competition anxiety as outside their control and debilitative to performance
state the 3 dimensions of self efficacy theory
- magnitude
- strength
- generality
state what it is meant by the key term ‘magnitude’ in SE
the number of levels of increased difficulty that I believe I am capable of performing
state what it is meant by the key term ‘strength’ in SE
the firmness of the convictions that I have to perform a behaviour/obtain an outcome (eg - 50% at this level, 20% at that level)
state what it is meant by the key term ‘generality’ in SE
the generalisability of my confidence to another task/behaviour
state 3 negative impacts of over-confidence/arrogance
- reduced motivation
- reduced work ethic
- unrealistic/inaccurate predictions and expectations
- complacency
- unfamiliar/poor performance
state the 5 sources of self efficacy
- performance experience
- vicarious experiences
- imaginal experiences
- verbal persuasion
- physiological and emotional states
state the 3 outcomes of self efficacy
- affective
- behavioural
- cognitive
state and explain what it is meant by the self efficacy outcome ‘affective’
- the individual’s emotions, feelings and sentiments
2. greater SE = dec^ anxiety, inc^ enjoyment and inc^ satisfaction
state and explain what it is meant by the self efficacy outcome ‘behavioural’
- the individual’s physical responses, observable behaviour
2. inc^ effort, performance, participation, persistance
state and explain what it is meant by the self efficacy outcome ‘cognitive’
- the individual’s mental processes, thoughts, intellect, beliefs, etc…
- inc^ focus, better goal setting, develop better attributions
state and explain what it is meant by the self efficacy source ‘performance experiences’ (2 points)
- clear success or failure experiences are the most powerful source of SE information
- coaches can create opportunities for mastery of skills
state and explain what it is meant by the self efficacy source ‘vicarious experiences’ (2 points)
- observation of others, noting consequences of behaviour and using information to assess own capabilities
- ensure the ‘model’ is similar to the individual
state and explain what it is meant by the self efficacy source ‘imaginal experiences’
- visualising ourself performing the behaviour
- by visualising behaviour, individuals can generate beliefs about personal (in)efficacy about previous or future situations
state and explain what it is meant by the self efficacy source ‘verbal persuasion’ (2 points)
- important for others to tell you they are confident in you
- effectiveness depends upon the experience and trustworthiness of the source
state and explain what it is meant by the self efficacy source ‘physiological and emotional states’
- how one feels both physically and emotionally
- aversive states can dec^ SE, pleasant states can inc^ SE
- (arousal control!)
state 3 guidelines for enhancing self efficacy
- establishing challenging, realistic goals
- establish progressive, more difficult tasks
- learn and practice mental skills (especially imagery)
- use of positive reinforcement
- use realistic and genuine verbal persuasion
state what Bandora (1997) says are the 4 characteristics of effective modelling ?
- attention
- retention
- motor reproduction
- motivation
