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Bsc Psychology > Personality Types and Traits > Flashcards

Personality Types and Traits Flashcards

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1
Q

state what the difference between ‘Structuralism’ and ‘Functionalism’ is

A
  1. Structuralism suggests psychology’s goal is to study the structure of the human mind and it’s consciousness
  2. Functionalism puts forth that understanding the purpose of the mind and consciousness is the main aim of psychology
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2
Q

state what it is meant by the key term ‘Nomothetic Approach’

A
  1. a nomothetic approach focuses on identifiable laws which apply to everyone and can be used to draw comparisons
  2. generalised, categorised, numerical data
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3
Q

state what it is meant by the key term ‘Idiographic Approach’

A
  1. an ideographic approach focuses on unique characteristics and building a detailed picture of an individual
  2. subjective experiences, individualism
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4
Q

define ‘Personality’ as stated by Funder, 2013

A

personality refers to an individuals characteristic patterns of thought, emotion and behaviour (Funder. 2013)

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5
Q

what does personality stem from ?

A

personality stems from initial questions people had about psychology

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6
Q

what is the aim of researching personality ? (2 points)

A
  1. aims to identify, explain and predict individual differences between people
  2. individual differences between people have been associated with many important aspects of life (eg - relationships, sports performance)
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7
Q

what did Hippocrates propose about Personality ? (2 points)

A
  1. Hippocrates (460-370 BC) alluded to different dispositions people seem to possess
  2. he attributes these ‘temperaments’ to levels of fluids in the body
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8
Q

what are the 4 areas of personality as stated by Hippocrates ?

A
  1. Phlegmatic
  2. Sanguine
  3. Melancholic
  4. Choleric
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9
Q

state 3 facts about phlegmatic people

A
  1. an excess of phlegm
  2. thoughtful, reasonable, calm and tolerate
  3. steady and faithful
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10
Q

state 3 facts about sanguine people

A
  1. an excess of blood
  2. lively, sociable, talkative, optimistic
  3. artistic and care free
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11
Q

state 3 facts about melancholic people

A
  1. an excess of black bile
  2. serious, moody, cautious, sensitive
  3. focused and conscientious
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12
Q

state 3 facts about choleric people

A
  1. an excess of yellow bile
  2. energetic, excitable, impulsive, restless
  3. practical and strong willed
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13
Q

what did Sheldon do in 1942

A

Sheldon, 1942, assigned people to characteristics depending on their somatotype

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14
Q

state 2 facts about endomorphic people

A
  1. fat, soft, round

2. relaxed, sociable

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15
Q

state 2 facts about mesomorphic people

A
  1. muscular, strong

2. energetic, assertive

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16
Q

state 2 facts about ectomorphic people

A
  1. long, thin, delicate

2. introverted, intellectual

17
Q

what did Carl Jung do ?

A
  1. Carl Jung, 1921, developed a theory of personality types and popularised the idea of introversion and extraversion
  2. forms the basis of the Myres-Briggs Personality Testing (MGPT)
18
Q

state 3 general facts about the ‘Trait Approach’ in psychology

A
  1. the approach possess a number of fundamental ‘traits’
  2. approach suggests individuals have different levels of each trait
  3. different levels make us think, feel and behave differently
19
Q

what did Eysenck do ?

A

Eysenck (1947) proposed the ‘Dimensions of Personality’ which were Introversion, Extroversion, Neuroticism and Stable

20
Q

state 2 facts about - Extroversion

A
  1. sociable, like parties, have many friends, need people to talk to, don’t like being on their own
  2. crave excitement, take chances, act on the spur of life
21
Q

state 2 facts about - Introversion

A
  1. quiet, retiring, introspective, prefer own company, have few but close friends
  2. mistrusts impulse, cautious and careful
22
Q

state 2 facts about - Neuroticism

A
  1. more likely to experience, anger, anxiety, guilt and depression
  2. respond poorly to stress and interpret ordinary situations as threatening
23
Q

state 2 facts about - Stable

A
  1. more emotionally stable and less reactive to stress

2. remain calm and even tempered, regardless of the situation

24
Q

state 2 introduction facts about the ‘Big 5’

A
  1. recent approaches to personality have used 5 trait approaches
  2. these traits reflect consistent dimensions in previous theories
25
Q

state the 5 sections of the ‘big 5’

A
  1. neuroticism (negative emotions)
  2. extraversion (positive emotions)
  3. openness to experience (opposed to closed minded)
  4. agreeableness (opposed to antagonistic)
  5. conscientiousness (opposed to undirected)
26
Q

what 2 scales can be used in the ‘big 5’ for - neuroticism (negative emotions)

A

calm - worrying

secure - insecure

27
Q

what 2 scales can be used in the ‘big 5’ for - extraversion (positive emotions)

A

timid - bold

quiet - talkative

28
Q

what 2 scales can be used in the ‘big 5’ for - openness to experience (opposed to closed minded)

A

unadventurous - daring

conventional - original

29
Q

what 2 scales can be used in the ‘big 5’ for - agreeableness (opposed to antagonistic)

A

critical - lenient

uncooperative - helpful

30
Q

what 2 scales can be used in the ‘big 5’ for - conscientiousness (opposed to undirected)

A

lax - scrupulous

ignorant - knowledgable

31
Q

state the aim of the study by Gaydon and Murphy in 1955

A

aim is to investigate the effects of personality on social facilitation

32
Q

state 4 facts about participant selection in Gaydon and Murphy’s study in 1955

A
  1. Eysenck’s personality inventory completed by 50 sports studies and PE students
  2. 10 introverts and 10 extroverts selected using thresholds of these traits
  3. introverts scored 19 or more
  4. extroverts scored 11 or less
33
Q

explain the date to the study by Gaydon and Murphy in 1955

A

the date revealed that extroverts performed Bette (M = 24) than introverts (M = 18) in the presence of a crowd and extroverts performed worse (M = 18) than introverts (M = 26) with no audience

34
Q

explain the meaning of the results by Gaydon and Murphy in 1955

A

the results suggest tat audience presence provokes arousal levels in introverts that are too high for optimal functioning but provokes arousal to helpful levels in extraverts (i.e. - personality constraints are meaningful)

Bsc Psychology (18 decks)

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