Goal Setting Flashcards
state 3/5 reasons why goal setting is of interest
- helps engage in selected (eg - helpful) behaviours
- frequently reported from high performance
- successful athletes use goal setting more than less successful athletes
- a common and useful strategy in driving behaviour
- frequently linked to positive psychological outcomes
state what it is meant by the key term - ‘goal’
a goal is what an individual is trying to accomplish; the object or aim of action
state 3 general facts about goals
- can be objective or subjective
- can be mastery or avoidance based
- can be relative or absolute
every goal includes 2 basic components. state what these are
- direction of the goal
2. the amount of quality of the product (from the goal)
state what it is meant by the key term - ‘objective goal’
an objective goal is one where you attempt to attain a specific standard of proficiency in a task, usually within a specified time (Locke and Lathum, 2002)
state what it is meant by the key term - ‘subjective goal’
a subjective goal is a general statement of intent
state what it is meant by the key term - ‘outcome goal’
an outcome goal is one that typically focuses on a competitive result of an event
state what it is meant by the key term - ‘performance goal’
a performance goal is one that typically focuses on achieving standards of performance objectives (independent of other competitors)
state what it is meant by the key term - ‘process goal’
process goals typically focus on the actions the individual must engage in during performance to execute or perform well
state 3/6 ‘common problems in goal setting’ as stated by Weinberg and Gould, 2012
- convincing athletes to set goals (Murphy, 1996)
- failing to set specific goals
- setting too many goals, too soon
- failing to adjust goals
- failing to set performance and process goals
- not providing follow ups and evaluations
state who came up with, and when they came up with, ‘Goal Setting Theory’
Locke and Latham, 2002, 2019
state 2 introductory facts to ‘goal setting theory’
- the prominent framework for intervention
2. used across multiple domains
state the 2 views of how goal setting works
- the ‘indirect thought process’ view
2. the ‘direct mechanistic’ view
explain the ‘indirect thought process’ to how goal setting works (1 point)
goals indirectly influence performance through psychological factors (eg - confidence, anxiety)
explain the ‘direct mechanistic’ view of how goal setting works (4 points)
- goals direct attention to important elements of a skill
- goals mobilise performers efforts
- goals prolong performer persistence
- goals foster development of new learning strategies
what are goals considered to be (Locke and Latham, 2002, 2019)
goals are thought to be an ‘end state’ or the object to accomplish
through intervention, what two things can occur (Locke and Latham, 2002, 2019)
- goals have been shown to enhance task-related performance
2. effect occurs through 4 mechanisms
state the 1st (of 4) mechanisms by which effect occurs as a result of goal setting (Locke and Latham, 2002, 2019)
directs individuals to focus their efforts towards goal related actions, and ignore irrelevant activities
state the 2nd (of 4) mechanisms by which effect occurs as a result of goal setting (Locke and Latham, 2002, 2019)
energises individuals, allowing them to invest effort into goal pursuit
state the 3rd (of 4) mechanisms by which effect occurs as a result of goal setting (Locke and Latham, 2002, 2019)
impacts persistence whereby more difficult goals result in a higher effort being exerted
state the 4th (of 4) mechanisms by which effect occurs as a result of goal setting (Locke and Latham, 2002, 2019)
pursuing goals facilitates the discovery and development of task-related strategies
state the 5 things that impact goal setting, as stated by Locke and Latham (2002, 2019) ?
- goal difficulty
- goal specificity
- goal proximity
- goal source
- goal type
what are the 6 ‘moderators’ which have been shown to effect the ‘goal setting-performance relationship’ ?
(a great fan taught the rowing)
- ability
- goal commitment
- feedback
- task complexity
- task knowledge
- resources
what study did Weinberg et al come up with in 2000 ?
‘Athlete preference for goal setting’ (Weinberg et al, 2000)