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Bsc Psychology > Flow and Clutch Performance > Flashcards

Flow and Clutch Performance Flashcards

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1
Q

state what it is meant by the key term - Flow

A

an intrinsically rewarding psychological state in which people feel in control of their actions, have a deep sense of exhilaration and enjoyment, and are so intensely involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter

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2
Q

state what it is meant by the key term - Clutch

A

the phenomenon of athletes under pressure, usually in the final moments of an event, summon the strength, concentration, and whatever else is necessary to succeed, perform well, or perhaps change the result of the event

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3
Q

what is ‘flow’ often referred to as being ?

A

the ‘optimum zone of functionning’

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4
Q

state the 4 benefits of ‘Flow’ in sport

A
  1. peak performance
  2. future motivation
  3. self-concept
  4. psychological well-being
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5
Q

state 2 benefits of ‘Flow’ in exercise

A
  1. exercise adherence

2. positive post-exercise feelings

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6
Q

state 2 facts about ‘Flow’ being ‘an exclusive experience’

A
  1. flow is regarded as rare, exclusive, mysterious, and unpredictable
  2. the majority (60-70%) of athletes studied have proposed flow to be controllable, at least to some degree
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7
Q

what is the framework used, and who brought it into play, for conceptualising flow ?

A
  1. the ‘nine dimensions framework’

2. Csikszentmihulyi, 2002

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8
Q

what are the two sub-titles in the ‘nine dimensions framework’ for conceptualising ‘flow’

A
  1. Proximal conditions of flow (must be in place for flow to occur)
  2. Characteristics of flow (‘the experience’)
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9
Q

state the 3 ‘Proximal conditions of flow’

A
  1. challenge-skill balance
  2. clear goals
  3. unambiguous feedback
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10
Q

state the 6 ‘characteristics of flow’

A
  1. action-awareness merging
  2. concentration on the task at hand
  3. sense of control
  4. loss of self-consciousness
  5. transformation of time
  6. autotelic response
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11
Q

explain ‘challenge-skill basis’

A

the ‘golden rule’ of flow

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12
Q

explain ‘clear goals’

A

knowing and understanding the goals of the activity

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13
Q

explain ‘unambiguous feedback’

A

feedback to the individual (from themselves) about how the performance is progressing

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14
Q

explain ‘action-awareness merging’

A

the person becomes ‘at one’ with the activity and it feels automatic

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15
Q

explain ‘concentration on the task at hand’

A

attention is fully invested and the person is completely focused, but appears to take less effort compared to normal

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16
Q

explain ‘sense of control’

A

athlete feels in control of their actions and of their performance

17
Q

explain ‘loss of self-consciousness’

A

no concern over how they are being perceived by others

18
Q

explain ‘transformation of time’

A

time either slows down or speeds up, depending on the activity

19
Q

explain ‘autotelic experiences’ (3 points)

A
  1. auto = self, telos = goals
  2. the intrinsically rewarding aspect of flow
  3. during AND after
20
Q

state 2/5 conceptual issues with the ‘nine dimensions framework’

A
  1. imprecise definitions of flow dimensions
  2. overlapping constructs
  3. missing concepts (bodily sensations, optimal arousal)
  4. low support for some dimensions
  5. uncertainty regarding the number of dimensions to constitute a flow experience
21
Q

what are the 2 most common methods of measuring ‘flow’ in S+E ?

A
  1. interviews

2. questionnaires

22
Q

state 2 other methods of measuring ‘flow’ in S+E

A
  1. experience sampling methods

2. physiological measurements

23
Q

state the names of the 3 methodological issues with measuring ‘flow’

A
  1. deductive coding
  2. career-based interviews
  3. quantitative measures
24
Q

explain how ‘deductive coding’ provides a methodological issue with measuring ‘flow’ (2 points)

A
  1. most research is categorised codes into the 9 dimensions framework
  2. several qualitative studies have reported characteristics of flow that do not fit into the model
25
Q

explain how ‘career-based interviews’ provides a methodological issue with measuring ‘flow’ (4 points)

A
  1. used widely across sport
  2. potential for biased recall (limitation)
  3. difficult to understand the mechanisms underlying flow (limitation)
  4. potential merging of multiple states into the same experience (limitation)
26
Q

explain how ‘quantitative measures’ provide a methodological issue with measuring ‘flow’ (2 points)

A
  1. the flow scales (based on model) are most common measure of flow in S+E settings
  2. concerns about validity of the measures as is an individual opinion
27
Q

state 3 ‘psychological states’ of being in ‘flow’

A
  1. effortless attention
  2. positive feedback about progress
  3. absence of critical thoughts
  4. optimal arousal
  5. automatic/effortless experience
28
Q

state 3 ‘physiological states’ about being in both ‘flow’ and ‘clutch’

A
  1. enjoyment
  2. increased motivation
  3. increased perceived control
  4. altered perceptions
  5. absorption
  6. confidence
29
Q

state 3 ‘physiological states’ about being in ‘clutch’

A
  1. complete and deliberative focus
  2. heightened awareness
  3. intense effort
  4. absence of negative thoughts
  5. heightened arousal
  6. automaticity of the skill
30
Q

state 3 outcomes of being in ‘flow’

A
  1. energising effect
  2. intrinsic rewards
  3. confidence
  4. sense of achievement
  5. intrinsic motivation
31
Q

state 3 outcomes of ‘clutch performance’

A
  1. exhaustion
  2. pride
  3. satisfaction
  4. sense of achievement
32
Q

state what it is meant by the key term - ‘telic flow’

A

occurs in challenging activities with clear outcome goals and is characterised by an achievement focus, intensity, immersion into the task, seriousness, trying to do what is planned, and having higher performance expectations

33
Q

what is satisfaction derived from in ‘telic flow’

A

satisfaction is derived from the resist if successfully completing the task

34
Q

state what it is meant by the key term - ‘paratelic flow’

A

undertaken without a clear outcome goal and a lack of importance attributed to performance outcomes and future concerns

35
Q

state 2 additional facts about ‘paratelic flow’

A
  1. sensation orientated and a sense of immersion into the task
  2. less intense than ‘telic flow’ and satisfaction is derived from enjoyment and not successful completion of the task
36
Q

state what it is meant by the key term - episodic memory

A

involves the retrieval of particular autobiographical moments in one’s life

37
Q

state what it is meant by the key term - repisodic memory

A

is a sequence of related events that a single recollection merely represents. one is not remembering the gist of a particular episode, but the characteristics of a whole series of events

38
Q

state what it is meant by the key term - peak performance

A

a state of accomplishment that comes as a consequence of sustained effort and concentration where athletes are able to perform at their optimal level and produce outstanding performance outcomes

Bsc Psychology (18 decks)

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