Self And Identity Flashcards
Self Evaluation maintenance model.
Tesser - people who are constrained to make esteem damaging comparisons can underplay or deny similarity to target, or they can withdraw from their relationship with the target.
Social comparison Theory
Festinger - comparing our behaviours and opinions with those of others in order to establish the correct or socially approved way of thinking and behaving.
Self Perception Theory
Bem - we gain knowledge of ourselves by making self attributions e.g. Infer our own attitudes from our own behaviour
Over justifications effect
In the absence of obvious external determinants of our behaviour, we assume that we freely choose the behaviour because we enjoy it.
Regulatory focus theory
A promotion focus causes people to be approach oriented in constructing a sense of self, a prevention focus causes people to be more cautious and avoidant in constructing a sense of self.
Self - Discrepancy theory
Higgins suggests that we have 3 types of schemas
- The actual self - how we currently are
- Ideal self - how we would like to be
- Ought self - how we think we should be
Floyd Allport argued that social psychology would only flourish if what?
The discipline became an experimental science
When we underestimate the role of context in explaining someone’s else’s behaviour what error do we make?
The fundamental attribution error.
Rhodes and her colleagues reported that attractive faces were characterised by what ?
Averageness
What is self assessment?
Motivation to seek out new information about ourselves in order to find out what sort of a person we really are.
Self verification
Seeking out new information that verifies and confirms what we already know about ourselves.
Self enhancement
Motivation to develop and promote a favourable self image
Self affirmation theory
Theory that people reduce the impact of threat to the self-concept by focussing on and affirming their competence in some other area.
Self-categorisation theory.
Theory of how the process of categorisation of oneself as a group member produces social identity and group and inter group behaviour.
Meta contrast Principle
Prototype of a group is that position within the group that has the largest ratio of difference to in-group positions to difference to out-group position.
Symbolic interactionist self - Mead
Theory of how the self emerges from human interaction; which involves people trading symbols through language and gesture. That is usually consensual and represents abstract properties rather than concrete objects.
What is the self-enhancing triad?
Taylor and Brown advanced that people overestimate their good points and their control over situations and are unrealistically optimistic.
Self awareness
Duvet and Wicklund self awareness is a state in which you are aware of yourself.
Over justification effect
In the absence if obvious external determinants of our behaviour we assume that we freely choose the behaviour because we enjoy it.
False consensus effect
Seeing our behaviour as being more typical than it actually is.
Self enhancing bias.
Self protecting bias
People attribute internally and take credit for their successes.
Attribute externally and deny responsibility for failures.
Co variation model
Kelly’s theory of casual attribution; people assign the cause of behaviour to the factor that co varies most closely with that behaviour.
Fundamental attribution error
Bias in attributing another’s behaviour more to internal than situational causes.
Actor observer effect
Tendency to attribute our own behaviours externally and others behaviour internally.
Ultimate attribution error
Tendency to attribute bad out group and good in group behaviour internally and to attribute good out-group and bad in-group behaviour externally.
Self handicapping
Publicly making advance external attributions for our anticipated failure or poor performance in a forthcoming event.
Terror management theory
The notion that the most fundamental human motivation is to reduce the terror of the the inevitability of death.
Impression Management
Peoples use of the various strategies to get other people to view them in a positive light
Self presentation
A deliberate effort to act in ways that create a particular impression usually favourable of ourselves.
