Self

Question 1

Self:

Answer 1

a conceptual system made up of ones thoughts and attitudes about one’s self including

Gender
Physical appearance
Possessions
Values, beliefs, preferences
Psychosocial characteristics

Question 2

Earliest conceptions of self:

Answer 2

around 3-4, understanding in terms of concrete observable characteristics related to physical abilities, attributes, activities and psychological traits

Unidimensional (what you are doing in the moment)

Unrealistically positive

Around this age is first autobiographical memories (that they remember in the future)

Refinement happens in primary school because of social comparison

Question 3

Middle to late primary school:

Answer 3

conceptions of the self become more integrated and broadly encompassing.

More dimensions
Rely more on objective performance
Shift away from unrealistic positivity

Question 4

Adolescence:

Answer 4

variety of selves depending on context
Sense of self contains more abstractions - ie. beliefs, goals, values, sexual identity

Question 5

Early adolescence:

Answer 5

The personal fable: type of egocentrism that causes concern over what others think

The imaginary audience: the belief that everyone is focused on you (from fable)

Question 6

Middle teens:

Answer 6

agonizing over contradictions in behaviour and characteristics

Most lack cognitive skill to integrate this recognition into a coherent conception of self

Question 7

Late adolescence and early adulthood:

Answer 7

self becomes more integrated and less about what others think (not all)

Reflect internalized values

Importance of adult support for understanding the complexity of personality

Question 8

Erikson’s Theory of Identity Formation:

Answer 8

These issues teens face are critical

Identity achievement vs identity confusion

Identity achievement: successful resolution of identity crisis

Question 9

Negative identity outcomes:

Answer 9

Identity confusion
Identity foreclosure
Negative identity
Identity diffusion

Question 10

Identity confusion:

Answer 10

incomplete/incoherent sense of self, feelings of isolation/depression

Question 11

Identity foreclosure:

Answer 11

prematurely committing to an identity without adequate consideration of choices (eg. choosing what parents want for them)

Question 12

Negative identity:

Answer 12

an identity that serves to reject what is valued by people around adolescent

Question 13

Identity diffusion:

Answer 13

not making progress towards figuring it out

Question 14

Psychosocial moratorium:

Answer 14

time out period where adolescent is not expected to take on adult roles and can pursue self discovery, Erikson,

varies in cultures and happens more with privilege

Influences on identity formation: Parenting styles, individuals own behaviour (ex drugs not allowing reflection), Larger social context (SES), Historical context (rights, biases)

Question 15

Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial Development:

Answer 15

Influenced by freud - focus on unconscious crises people go through and how they are resolved, plus their influence

8 stages (focus on 5)

Question 16

5 stages of Eriksons Theory/Criseses:

Answer 16

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (yr 1)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame (yr 1-3.5)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (yr 4-6)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to puberty)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence - early adulthood)

Question 17

Trust vs. Mistrust (yr 1)

Answer 17

Question 18

Autonomy vs. Shame (yr 1-3.5)

Answer 18

Question 19

Initiative vs. Guilt (yr 4-6)

Answer 19

Question 20

Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to puberty)

Answer 20

Question 21

Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence - early adulthood)

Answer 21