Intelligence

Question 1

g general intelligence:

Answer 1

a single trait

Various Intelligence tasks are positively correlated, as well as classroom performance, processing speed, etc.

Question 2

Thurstone’s basic abilities:

Answer 2

Primary mental abilities

Word fluency, verbal meaning, reasoning, spatial visualization, numbering, memory, perceptual speed

While related they are independent from one another

Question 3

Two kinds of intelligence:

Answer 3

Question 4

IQ - intelligence quotient

Answer 4

Based on normal distrubution (most scores mean of 100)

Relative to your age group

Question 5

IQ stability

Answer 5

its correlated from age 5, closer in age tests are given the stronger the correlation

Scores arent constant over time

Stability increases with: belief academic performance is valuable, parental interest in success, parental firm but modest discipline

Question 6

IQ predicts:

Answer 6

academic, economic and occupational success (dont rule out creativity, motivation, physical/mental health, social skills)

Question 7

Factors influencing intelligence:

Answer 7

Question 8

Passive Effects:

Answer 8

children overlap with parents interest

Question 9

Evocative Effects:

Answer 9

Children influence other’s behavious

Question 10

Active Effects:

Answer 10

Children choose things they enjoy

Question 11

Gender and Intelligence:

Answer 11

Boys and girls mostly equal, with small differences starting in toddlerhood

Girls showing more verbal fluency, writing skills, and perceptual speed

Boys are stronger in visual spatial processing, science skills, mathematical problem solving

Could be many causes (social expectations, peer pressure, biology?)

Question 12

Immediate environment and intelligence:

Answer 12

Question 13

Schools and Intelligence:

Answer 13

More schooling = higher IQ
IQ rises during school year, decreases over breaks
(suggests its not fixed, like a muscle)

Question 14

Society and intelligence:

Answer 14

Poverty
Poor diet, reduced healthcare, inadequate parenting, poor intellectual stimulation, lack of emotional support

Question 15

Cultural differences on average intelligence in given domain

Answer 15

Time spent on subject matter
Teaching for memorization vs teaching for mastery of concepts

Question 16

Risk Factors related to IQ scores

Answer 16

Question 17

Intervention programs

Answer 17

Increase self esteem, motivation, positive classroom behaviour, parental skills, ability to communicate with teachers

Results in better school performance

Continuity of support in school and at home needed

Question 18

Garder theory - multiple intelligence theory

Answer 18

People have 8 types of intelligence
People can have some, none or all
Popular in classrooms
Which type student excellens in, and use that skill to help with other areas (good with body, make a physical math game)

Question 19

8 Gardner Intelligence (multiple Intelligence Theory)

Answer 19

Question 20

Sternberg Theory - Theory of Successful Intelligence

Answer 20

Intelligence is our ability to achieve success in life
Only analytics is testes, more types of intelligence
People can be more intelligent in different circumstances
3 abilities

Question 21

3 Sternberg Abilities

Answer 21

Question 22

Chall’s Stages of Reading Development

Answer 22

Question 23

Prereading skills:

Answer 23

learning letters of the alphabet (no correlation with reading ability) but
PHONEMIC awareness is critical, teaching 4-5 yo causes better readers, learned through natural environment

Question 24

Word Identification

Answer 24

effortless identification of words, crucial to reading enjoyment and comprehension, can be done in 2 ways

Question 25

Word identification strategy

Answer 25

From first grade children choose adaptively between retrieval and phonological recoding

Fastest thats correct

Big progression between grades 1 and 2 with practice and exposure

Question 26

Comprehension

Answer 26

Involves forming a a mental model of a situation or an idea depicted in a text and and updating the model as new info occurs
Improves with age and experience
Content knowledge is greatest influence on reading comprehension

Question 27

Dyslexia

Answer 27

Inability to read well despite normal intelligence
Difficulty in reading because of weakness in phonological processing and the ability to discriminate/remember sounds in words
5-10% of kids in NA
Teaching skills that help phonological ability helps

Question 28

The Hidden Classroom

Answer 28

Question 29

Carol Dweck (beliefs about effort):

Answer 29

children differ in if they believe intelligence is natural ability vs. a product of effort

Entity theory of intelligence have a harder time with feedback (natural)

Incremental theory are better with feedback and motivation to learn (effort)