Family

Question 1

Adolescents and parents:

Answer 1

more likely to disagree/argue of mundane matters, increase in peer influence, familial feelings of closeness decline, desire for autonomy in interests outside the home

Question 2

Functions of family:

Answer 2

survival of offspring, economic function (resources), cultural training

Question 3

Socialization:

Answer 3

the process which children acquire their values, standards, skills, knowledge and behaviours that are seen as appropriate for their present/future role by their culture, parent influence in 3 ways

Question 4

3 Parent Influences on Socialization:

Answer 4

Question 5

Two important dimensions of Parenting:

Answer 5

1 Parental warmth, support and acceptance vs. Parental rejection and non-responsiveness
2 Parental control/demandingness

Question 6

Baumrinds Parenting styles

Answer 6

Authoritative
-High in support, High in demandingness
-Relationship is reciprocal and responsive
-High in bidirectional communication

Authoritarian
-Low in support, High in demandingness
-Relationship is controlling, power assertive
-High in one-directional communication

Permissive
-High in Support, Low in demandingness
-Relationship is indulgent
-Low in control attempts

Uninvolved
- Low in support, Low in demandingness
- Relationship is rejecting or neglecting

Question 7

Authoritative Parent and Child Chacateristics

Answer 7

Parent characteristics
- Set clear standards and limits, clear enforcing them
- Allow considerable autonomy in those limits
- Are attentive and responsive to childs needs/concerns, consider their
perspective

Child characteristics
- Competent
- Self-assured
- Popular
- High in coping skills
- low in antisocial behaviour
- High in social and academic performance, low in problem behaviour (adolescent)

Question 8

Authoritarian Parent and Child Chacateristics

Answer 8

Parent characteristics
- Nonresponsive to childs needs
- Enforce demands through power and threat
- Oriented towards obedience and authority
- Expect compliance without question or explanation

Child characteristics
- Low in social and academic competence
- As children, unhappy/unfriendly, boys more affected
- Low in self-confidence

Question 9

Permissive Parent and Child Chacateristics

Answer 9

Parent characteristics
- Highly responsive to child needs
- Do not require that children regulate themselves or act in appropriate/mature ways

Child characteristics
- As children, impulsive, lack of self control, and low in school achievement
- As teens, engage in more misconduct and drug use than authoritative

Question 10

Uninloved Parent and Child Chacateristics

Answer 10

Parent characteristics
- Do not set limits for childrens behaviour or monitor it
- Not supportive, even rejecting and neglectful
- Tend to focus on own needs instead of children’s

Child characteristics
- infants/toddlers have attachment problems
- Children have poor peer relationships
- Teens show antisocial behaviours, poor self-regulation, internalized problems, substance abuse, risky behaviour, low academic/social competence
- Depressed and withdrawn

Question 11

Parenting styles and ethnicity:

Answer 11

parenting styles have different meanings and effects in different cultures

Question 12

Child as an influence on parenting style:

Answer 12

child characteristics can influence

attractiveness - physical appearance alters parental response, unattractive children experience different parenting

Temperament - there are genetic factors

Question 13

Bidirectionality:

Answer 13

parents affect children’s characteristics, and vice versa

Question 14

SES influences on parenting:

Answer 14

different parenting styles can reflect differences in where the daily lives (authoritarian adaptive in dangerous situations)

Question 15

External supportive relationships:

Answer 15

can moderate effects of economic stress or unsupportive parenting