Selective Mutism Flashcards
What is selective mutism (SM)?
A disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in specific settings despite speaking normally in others.
What is a common behavior of children with SM when they are in social situations?
They may find it easier to talk to other children compared to adults.
What is a potential serious issue for children with SM?
They might be unable to express their needs, such as going to the toilet or feeling hunger.
How prevalent is selective mutism in the child population?
It is estimated to affect approximately 1% of the child population.
At what age does selective mutism typically onset?
Between 2 and 5 years of age.
What behavioral trait is often found in children with SM?
Behavioral inhibition, characterized by shyness, timidity, and fear of the unfamiliar.
What diagnostic criteria does DSM-5 specify for selective mutism?
A consistent failure to speak in specific settings for at least one month.
What must be excluded in the differential diagnosis of SM?
Communication disorders, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and oppositional defiant disorder.
What key diagnostic question should be asked to assess SM?
Does the child speak normally in at least one setting but show mutism in others?
What other symptoms do children with SM often present with?
Symptoms of other anxiety disorders, particularly social anxiety disorder.
What are the most prevalent comorbid conditions with SM?
Speech and language problems, elimination disorders, and motor delay.
What are the three types of factors influencing SM?
Vulnerability factors, triggering factors, and sustaining factors.
What are some examples of vulnerability factors for SM?
- Genetics
- Temperament
- Social anxiety
- Behavioral inhibition
- Neurodevelopmental disorders.
What are some examples of triggering factors for SM?
- Transitions
- Unexpected events like starting school
- Migration
- Use of a new language.
What is the recommended treatment approach for SM?
A structured treatment focusing on gradual exposure to the feared task with reward contingency.
What is the status of medication use for children with SM?
It is largely ‘off label’ and should be considered only in special circumstances.
What is the potential risk if SM is left untreated?
Higher risk for other psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety disorders, and continued impairment in social and academic functioning.
What is the first step in the treatment process for SM?
Psychoeducation and behavioral management.
Fill in the blank: The cardinal symptom of SM is a consistent failure to speak in specific settings despite speaking normally in _______.
other settings.
What percentage of children with SM may also have social anxiety disorder?
About 90% of cases.
