OCD Flashcards
What is OCD?
OCD is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that are time consuming and cause distress or interference in the patient’s life.
Obsessions are intrusive thoughts, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.
Who first described a disorder similar to OCD and in what year?
Jean Dominique Esquirol described a disorder similar to OCD in 1838.
He classified it as a “monomania,” a kind of partial delusion.
What was OCD classified as at the end of the 19th century?
OCD was classified as neurasthenia.
Neurasthenia is a historical diagnosis characterized by fatigue, anxiety, and depression.
What is the lifetime prevalence of OCD?
The lifetime prevalence of OCD is 1% to 3%.
This indicates the proportion of individuals who will experience OCD at some point in their lives.
What specific feature is more likely in younger patients with OCD?
Younger patients are more likely to have compulsions without obsessions.
This differs from the typical presentation observed in adults.
How do children with OCD typically perceive their symptoms?
Children are less likely to recognize their symptoms as ego dystonic.
Ego dystonic refers to symptoms that are recognized as foreign or unwanted.
What are tic-like compulsions in children with OCD?
Tic-like compulsions may be confused with complex tic.
These compulsions can resemble involuntary movements or sounds.
What does the term ‘sensory phenomena’ refer to in OCD?
Sensory phenomena refers to uncomfortable or disturbing sensations, perceptions, feelings or urges that precede or accompany repetitive behaviors.
Examples include sensations in the skin and feelings of incompleteness.
What are the clinically meaningful dimensions of OCD symptoms identified by factor-analytic studies?
The clinically meaningful dimensions are:
* contamination/cleaning
* doubt/checking
* symmetry/ordering
* hoarding
These dimensions help in understanding and categorizing OCD symptoms.
What percentage of children and adolescents with OCD have comorbid psychiatric disorders?
60% to 80% of affected children and adolescents have one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Common comorbid disorders include tic disorders, ADHD, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and eating disorders.
What is dysregulated in OCD patients?
Dysregulation of fronto-corticostriato-thalamic circuits occurs in OCD patients.
These circuits involve brain regions associated with decision-making and behavioral control.
Which brain areas are hyperactivated in OCD patients according to functional neuroimaging studies?
The orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and striatum are hyperactivated in OCD patients.
This hyperactivation decreases after treatment.
What is the list of disease differential diagnosis for OCD?
Generalized anxiety disorder; body dysmorphic disorder; hoarding disorder;trichotillomania, schizophrenia, major depreesive disorder, eating disorders; tic disorder
