OCD Flashcards

1
Q

What is OCD?

A

OCD is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that are time consuming and cause distress or interference in the patient’s life.

Obsessions are intrusive thoughts, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.

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2
Q

Who first described a disorder similar to OCD and in what year?

A

Jean Dominique Esquirol described a disorder similar to OCD in 1838.

He classified it as a “monomania,” a kind of partial delusion.

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3
Q

What was OCD classified as at the end of the 19th century?

A

OCD was classified as neurasthenia.

Neurasthenia is a historical diagnosis characterized by fatigue, anxiety, and depression.

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4
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence of OCD?

A

The lifetime prevalence of OCD is 1% to 3%.

This indicates the proportion of individuals who will experience OCD at some point in their lives.

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5
Q

What specific feature is more likely in younger patients with OCD?

A

Younger patients are more likely to have compulsions without obsessions.

This differs from the typical presentation observed in adults.

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6
Q

How do children with OCD typically perceive their symptoms?

A

Children are less likely to recognize their symptoms as ego dystonic.

Ego dystonic refers to symptoms that are recognized as foreign or unwanted.

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7
Q

What are tic-like compulsions in children with OCD?

A

Tic-like compulsions may be confused with complex tic.

These compulsions can resemble involuntary movements or sounds.

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8
Q

What does the term ‘sensory phenomena’ refer to in OCD?

A

Sensory phenomena refers to uncomfortable or disturbing sensations, perceptions, feelings or urges that precede or accompany repetitive behaviors.

Examples include sensations in the skin and feelings of incompleteness.

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9
Q

What are the clinically meaningful dimensions of OCD symptoms identified by factor-analytic studies?

A

The clinically meaningful dimensions are:
* contamination/cleaning
* obsessions/checking
* symmetry/ordering
* hoarding

These dimensions help in understanding and categorizing OCD symptoms.

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10
Q

What percentage of children and adolescents with OCD have comorbid psychiatric disorders?

A

60% to 80% of affected children and adolescents have one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Common comorbid disorders include tic disorders, ADHD, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and eating disorders.

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11
Q

What is dysregulated in OCD patients?

A

Dysregulation of fronto-corticostriato-thalamic circuits occurs in OCD patients.

These circuits involve brain regions associated with decision-making and behavioral control.

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12
Q

Which brain areas are hyperactivated in OCD patients according to functional neuroimaging studies?

A

The orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and striatum are hyperactivated in OCD patients.

This hyperactivation decreases after treatment.

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13
Q

What is the list of disease differential diagnosis for OCD?

A

Generalized anxiety disorder; body dysmorphic disorder; hoarding disorder;trichotillomania, schizophrenia, major depreesive disorder, eating disorders

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