Communication and Learning Disorders Flashcards
At what age does disfluent speech typically start?
Around age 3 years
Disfluent speech may occur under various circumstances such as excitement or fatigue.
What characterizes stuttering?
Persistently impaired fluency and time patterning of speech
Stuttering is marked by avoidance of difficult sounds and situations.
What is the estimated prevalence of developmental language disorder in elementary-age schoolchildren?
7.4%
Estimates indicate 6% in girls and 8% in boys.
What criteria must be met for diagnosing a language disorder in a child?
Sufficient nonverbal intelligence, absence of hearing impairment, intact oral structure, intact reciprocal social interaction
These criteria help differentiate language disorders from other issues.
What percentage of toddlers with delayed speech are expected to have impaired language?
25%–50%
This highlights the correlation between delayed speech and language impairment.
What are some conditions included in the differential diagnosis of developmental language disorder?
Normal variations in language, hearing impairment, intellectual disability, neurological disorders, language regression
Language regression may include conditions like ASD or seizure disorders.
What is Social Pragmatic Disorder (SPCD) and its criteria?
Difficulty in using language for social purposes, problems following conversation rules, misunderstanding implied meanings, inability to adapt communication style
SPCD often appears in children ages 4–5 years and is distinct from ASD.
How many types of specific learning disorders are specified in DSM-5?
Three types
These are: impairment in reading, written expression, and mathematics.
When does impaired reading comprehension become evident in children?
In fourth grade and higher
This is often linked to deficits in pragmatic language or inferential thinking.
