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Sociology Media > Selection and Pressure > Flashcards

Selection and Pressure Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does selection mean?

A

how the news is selected to be shown to the audience

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2
Q

what does presentation mean?

A

how the news is presented to the audience, what techniques media proffessionals use.

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3
Q

what percentage of people said that TV was their main source of news coverage?

A

75%, according to OFCOM

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4
Q

what percentage of 16-24 year olds rely on the internet and apps for the news?

A

60 %

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5
Q

what do the public trust more to get the news, and give a trend?

A

-majority prefer tv news
-9.5 million newspapers are read everyday but readers recognise that they are biased

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6
Q

what is the quote that Cohen and Young said about selection of the news?

A

‘news is not discovered but manufactured.’

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7
Q

what is gatekeeping?

A

for news to be selected, it must pass through a number of criteria in order to appear in the news

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8
Q

who came up with gatekeeping?

A

McQuail

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9
Q

what are the 3 factors that selection is based on?

A

-the ownership of the news organisation
-the news values of the story
-the organisational restraints

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10
Q

what are the key points of ownership of news organisation?

A

-regulatory favours
-personalised style of management
-ideological control
-political views
-agenda setting
-newspapers are cheerleaders

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11
Q

what are news values?

A

guidelines or criteria that determine the worth of the news story
-it defines what journalists and editors see as newsworthy

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12
Q

who came up with the news values?

A

Spencer-Thomas

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13
Q

what are the 7 values of the news?

A

-extraordinariness
-threshold
-unambiguity
-ref to elite persons
-ref to elite nations
-continuity
-negativity

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14
Q

what are organisational constraints?

A

what becomes selected as news depends on many restraints within the news corporation, which affect the news selection

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15
Q

what are the 5 organisational constraints?

A

-deadlines
-space/time
-audience
-immediacy of footage
-cost

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16
Q

what do marxists say about the selection of the news?

A

-preserves and upholds capitalism
-news reflects the owner’s beliefs and spreads RC ideologies
-regulatory favours, personalised style of management
-‘pulling strings,’ journalists act on behalf of the owners

17
Q

what do pluralisrs say about the selection of the news?

A

-media supply to audience who demand to gain a profit
-market mechanism, supply and demand
-diverse audience
-news must be newsworthy to appeal to a wide range
-choice, can choose what to interact with
-journalists must act in the eyes of the consumer, act with integrity, audiences needs are met

18
Q

what do neo-marxists say about the selection of the news?

A

-agree that ideology supports interests of capitalism
-bias but it is not intentional/deliberate but instead a natural by- product or coicidence of middle class solidarity (born/socialised into capitalism)

19
Q

what is extraordinariness?

A

-rare, unpredictable and surprising events
-disasters and deaths of celebs

20
Q

what is threshold?

A

-‘bigger’ the events and more people it will influence, more likely to be nationally reported

21
Q

what is unambiguity?

A

-events that are easier to understand are likely to be reported
-journalists will not choose a story if it is too complicated for the average person

22
Q

what is ref to elite persons and groups?

A

persons= seen as more newsworthy than ordinary people doing extraordinary things, celebs, politicians, royalty
groups= western countries gain more news time, seen as superior, audience want to relate, eg- one Briton dead is worth 5 dead Frenchman

23
Q

what is continuity?

A

-once story becomes news and is running, it may be covered for some time
-gain a regular audience, keep them hooked and wanting updates
-can continue for years, eg- Madeleine McCann

24
Q

what is negativity?

A

-‘bad news is good news.’
-seen as more exciting and dramatic
-attracts a bigger audience
-stories about deaths, violence, wars, etc

25
Q

who said that TV news is the most positive and objective type of news?

A

Chandler, a positivist

26
Q

what was television news described as?

A

the window of the world, giving us access to our interconnected worlds

27
Q

what is the piece of evidence that TV news is the most trusted?

A

64% of the public voted that the most trustworthy news provider was the BBC

28
Q

what are the reasons why we trust news presenters?

A

-eye contact with viewers (sign of trust)
-friendly, reliable, reassuring, confident
-high tech and ‘at-scene’ footage, symbolises scientific lengths to find truth (evidence, trust, no manipulation)

29
Q

what did McQuail argue about the trustworthiness of the news?

A

an ‘illusion of objectivity’, presented in ways that convince us of the truth

30
Q

what does the illusion of objectivity lead to?

A

false class consciousness through ideological control

31
Q

what is the neo-pluralist belief of presentation

A

-agree that journalists were once objective and factual with integrity, finding sources and info
-but due to recent changes, they can no longer check facts and seek the truth, they are now lazy

32
Q

what are the three ways that have affected journalists and the news, making them lazy?

A

-rise in new media
-increased globalisation
-concentration of ownership

33
Q

what is one example of a headline of the millenium bug, that was fake news?

A

Riots, terrorism and a health crisis could follow a millenium bug meltdown.

34
Q

who came up with churnalism, and what does it mean?

A

Davies
=to produce large quantities of it very quickly

35
Q

what is the quote that Davies said about churnalism?

A

‘poor practise of modern day journalists who churn, reproduce or recycle news without any critical investigation.’

36
Q

what are the two pieces of evidence of churnalism?

A

-80% of 2,200 stories were lifted from PA announcements, bloggers quotes or spin doctors
-only 12% of stories had been generated, researched and thoroughly checked

37
Q

what did Cohen say about moral panics?

A

‘day of terror’ = scuffles and vandalism

38
Q

who argued that moral panics are now outdated in todays society?

A

McRobbie and Thornton

39
Q

what are the three evaluation points of moral panics?

A

-access to greater platforms to find truth
-increased fake news, now more sceptical and critical
-some moral panics naturally reflect real fears, a right to be concerned

Sociology Media (12 decks)

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