New Media Flashcards
what is the definition of new media?
screen based, digital (computer) technology that often integrate images, text and sound into a single device.
what has new media been described as in terms of technology changing between 1990 and now?
digital revolution, the media has transitioned into new media in the past 30 years.
what media was around in the 1990s?
-magazines and newspapers
-tv and radio
-walkman casette player
-landline phone
what media is around now?
-internet and wifi
-mobile phone
-apps
-screen based technology, virtual
-some from the 1990s have remained but have moved to new media formats
what is convergence?
‘all in one’
-devices do everything, everything can be found in one place
what did JENKINS say about smartphones?
‘the electronic equivalent of a swiss army knife?
what are the 5 features of the new media?
-digitality
-hypertexuality
-dispersal
-virtuality
-interactivity
what is old media?
refers to traditional forms of media, these are now old-fashioned, arguably redundant technology.
what is digitality?
new media is digitalised, information is stored digitally rather than analogly, allows for storage and rapid communication, allows for technological convergence
what is hypertextuality?
access to different media forms through links, allows more freedom of choice
what is dispersal?
prosumer= the consumers of the media can now produce their own content within the media, with it being a heavy part of lives
what is virtuality?
different to face to face, virtual reality and communities, faster paced but people present themselves differently (their favourable parts)
what is interactivity?
New media formats often facilitate more interaction than old media. The audience is able to engage.
what is participatory culture?
consumers have the opportunity to engage with the new media, which increases prosumers.
who came up with the idea of interactivity?
jenkins
what did jenkins say about interactivity?
-traditional media was mainly ‘one way’ , with audiences receiving the end of broadcasts that were created by media professional
-with new media, there has been an increase in interactivity, with concumers having more opportunity to engage.
what is the shift in power in terms of interactivity?
the audience have some power in the media, compared to the past, we can shift media to our own needs
what is a quote about interactivity?
‘we can create not just consume’
what is one piece of evidence about interactivity?
in 2014, over 90 minutes of user-generated video was uploaded to youtube every second
what is citizen journalism?
the collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the internet.
people take videos and pictures during major events
who came up with collective intelligence?
jenkins
what is collective intelligence
a toll for people to pool their resources, skills and knowledge together
eg-reviews, tripadvisor
what is a quote about collective intelligence?
‘everyone knows something, but nobody knows everything’
what is the impact of collective intelligence?
it has lead to a global library.
what are some good things about the new media?
-communication
-can find out data, facts and news
-job opportunities
-allows those with disabilities to complete certain tasks.
what are some bad things about the new media?
-people become reliant on new media
-increases false needs and standards
-exposure to adult content
-those without the new media can become socially excluded
-it can affect brain function (similar results to drug and alcohol misuse)
what was the use of the new media compared to in a documentary?
‘electronic cocaine’
what was the percentage of UK households that had access to the internet in 2020?
96%
what did the weekly hours on the internet rise from per week in 2005 to 2015?
2005= 9.9 hours
2015= 20.5 hours
what are some statistics showing who uses the new media?
-7/10 users have a social media profile
-81% of those with a profile claimed to visit social media sites at least once a day
-91% of those with higher education used the internet compared to 34% of those with no formal qualifications in 2011
-in 2014, 6.4 million adults had never used the internet
what has the age of digitalisation and the new media created and who between?
has created a division between certain groups in society
-those with access and without
-those who know how to use it and who don’t
what is the digital underclass?
a group of people who are increasingly disadvantaged in comparison to those who have full access to and use of the internet.
what did WANG say in terms of the digital underclass?
lower social classes are particularly at risk of falling behind, which will prevent them from participating in normal activities within society
what type of poverty is the digital underclass compared to?
information and technology poverty
what are the two evaluation points of the digital underclass?
-does the divide still exist?
-there is still a divide
what is the piece of evidence about the digital divide no longer existing?
in 2022, OFCOM figures suggest that the percentage of adults not accessing the internet at home has fallen from 11% to 6%
what is the piece of evidence to show that the digital divide still exists?
1.7 million households did not have access to the internet in 2022
what are neophiliacs?
optimistic, argue the spread and influence of the new media is beneficial for individuals and society
what are cultural pessimists?
negative, believe that the extent of change has been exaggerated and is damaging for individuals and society
who came up with neophiliacs and cultural pessimists?
Curran and Seaton
what are some pieces of evidence of the digital divide within class?
-58% of people with an annual income of less than £12,500 were internet users in 2013, compared to 100% of those earning over £40,000 (Dutton and Blank)
-40% of people with no formal qualifications in 2013 were internet users compared to 95% with degrees
what are some pieces of evidence surrounding the digital divide and gender?
-in 2017, 81% of women had a social media profile compared to 74% of men
-24% of men play online games (9% of women), with games consoles being more popular amongst males and ereaders amongst females
-men spend 3x as much time watching videos online
-young women make more calls and send/receive more messages than men
-more women report ‘high addiction’ to mobile phones
what is some data for the digital divide and age?
-93% of 16-24 year olds have a social media profile compared to 20% of 75+ year olds
-those aged 16-24 are 10x more likely to go online using a mobile phone than those 55+
-younger people have grown up with new media and learned to use it at home/school, and so are more media savvy than previous generation (Boyle)
-only 1% of 16-24 year olds do not use the internet compared to 48% of 75+ year olds
what is a piece of evidence that links age and class together for the digital divide?
class still impacts, as 10% of 16-24 year olds from the most disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to use the internet frequently
what is some data for the digital divide and location?
-between 2000 and 2015, the world internet usage increased by 900%
-by 2015, 3.2 billion people used the internet (43% of the world population)
-28% of global internet users are from Europe and North America, despite making up 16% of total population
-9.5% of global internet users are from Africa, who also make up 16% of the world population
what are the 5 points that neophiliacs make about new media?
-more media participation
-world becomes a global village
-widening consumer choice
-greater democracy
-available access to all information and high culture
what are the negative points of new media that cultural pessimists would say about the new media?
-digital divide
-lack of regulation
-no real increase in consumer choice
-threat to democracy
-cultural imperialism
explain what is meant by more media participation (neophilliacs)?
interactive digital tv, blogging, citizen journalism, video/photo sharing are all giving consumers more opportunity to participate in using and producing media content.
=’we no longer just consume but create’
=examples include youtube, ofcom
explain what is meant by the world becoming a global village (neophilliacs)?
this global village promotes cultural diversity and breaks down barriers and different cultures are brought together, as time and space has become blurred
=examples include youtube
explain what is meant by widening consumer choice (neophilliacs)?
more consumer choice than ever before, which has created competition between companies and has lead to better quality products
=for example, e-commerce revolution has put consumers in control as they can compare prices and read reviews
=examples include amazon, online clothing and grocery shopping
explain what is meant by greater democracy?
the new media provides opportunities for people to acquire the education and information needed to play an active and informed role in the political process, giving people a voice that would otherwise go unheard, and allows people to coordinate and rally support for projects
=examples include petitions, online hashtags
explain what is meant by available access to all information and high culture? (neophilliacs)
everyone now has access to huge amounts of global information and elements of high culture (habitus) that were formerly limited to educated elites
=examples include watching operas online and learning languages on apps
explain what is meant by the digital divide? (cultural pessimists)
not everyone has access to these new technologies, and so this has lead to national and global inequalities, with a clear divide between classes, age and geographical location, technology underclass
=examples include only 2.6% of Africa have access compared to 28.3% of Americas
explain what is meant by lack of regulation? (cultural pessimists)
the global nature and speed of the media means there is lack of regulation, meaning that undesirable things like bias, internet crime, paedophilia, pornography, violence and racism can thrive unchecked
=for example, 10,000 people visited a child porn site in one day and uk riots were made worse through social media
explain what is meant by no real increase in consumer choice? (cultural pessimists)
there is 100s of channels but each play the same cheap imported material, repeats and reality tv, with the e-commerce leading to consumer surveillance with cookies tracking your usage
=for example, it was found that facebook had more than 200 trackers watching someones internet usage
explain what is meant by threat to democracy? (cultural pessimists)
the new media does not give a voice to the voiceless rather it enhances the power of the already powerful by strengthening their voices rather than promoting alternative views
explain what is meant by cultural imperialism? (cultural pessimists)
through global advertising and e-commerce we are spreading western culture to other cultures, leading to the undermining and destruction of local cultures
