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FIrst Aid Rapid Review > Selected Topics in Emergency Medicine > Flashcards

Selected Topics in Emergency Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability, and extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Antipsychotics (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

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2
Q

Side effects of corticosteroids

A

Acute mania, immunosuppression, thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies

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3
Q

Treatment for DTs

A

Benzodiazepenes

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4
Q

Treatment for acetaminophen overdose

A

N-acetylcysteine

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5
Q

Treatment for opioid overdose

A

Naloxone

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6
Q

Treatment for benzodiazepene overdose

A

Flumazenil (monitor for withdrawal and seizure)

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7
Q

Treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

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8
Q

Treatment for malignant hypertension

A

Nitroprusside

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9
Q

Treatment of atrial fibrillation.

A

Rate control, rhythm conversion, and anticoagulation

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10
Q

Treatment for supraventricular tachycardia

A

If stable, rate control with carotid massage or other vagal stimulation; if unsuccessful, consider adenosine

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11
Q

Causes of drug-induced SLE

A

Isoniazid, penicillamine, hydralazine, procainamide, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine

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12
Q

Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia with neurologic symptoms

A

B12 deficiency

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13
Q

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms

A

Folate deficiency

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14
Q

A burn patient presents with cherry-red, flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal, but carboxyhemoglobin is elevated. Treatment?

A

Treat CO poisoning with 100% oxygen or with hyperbaric oxygen if poisoning is severe or the patient is pregnant

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15
Q

Blood in the urethral meatus or high-riding prostate

A

Urethral injury or bladder rupture

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16
Q

Test to rule out urethral injury

A

Retrograde cystourethrogram

17
Q

Radiographic evidence of aortic dissection

A

Widened mediastinum (>8 cm), loss of aortic knob, pleural cap, tracheal deviation to the right, depression of left main stem bronchus

18
Q

Radiographic indications for surgery in patients with acute abdomen

A 
Free air under the diaphragm
Extravasation of contrast
Severe bowel distension
Space-occupying lesion on CT
Mesenteric occlusion (angiography)
19
Q

The most common organism in burn-related infections

A

Pseudomonas

20
Q

Method of calculating fluid replacement in burn patients

A

Parkland formula: 24-hour fluids = 4 x wt (kg) x % body surface area affected

21
Q

Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient

A

50 cc/hr

22
Q

Acceptable urine output in a stable patient

A

30 cc/hr

23
Q

Signs of neurogenic shock

A

Hypotension and bradycardia

24
Q

Signs of increased ICP

A

Hypertension, bradycardia, and abnormal respirations (Cushing triad)

25
Q

Shock with decreased CO, decreased PCWP, increased peripheral vascular resistance

A

Hypovolemic shock

26
Q

Shock with decreased CO, increased PCWP, increased peripheral vascular resistance

A

Cardiogenic (or obstructive) shock

27
Q

Shock with increased CO, decreased PCWP, decreased PVR

A

Distributive (e.g. septic or anaphylactic) shock

28
Q

Treatment of septic shock

A

Fluids and antibiotics

29
Q

Treatment of cardiogenic shock

A

Identify cause; inotropes (e.g. dopamine)

30
Q

Treatment of hypovolemic shop

A

Identify cause; fluid and blood repletion

31
Q

Treatment of anaphylactic shock

A

Epinephrine 1:1000 and diphenhydramine

32
Q

Supportive treatment for ARDS

A

Low tidal volume ventilation

33
Q

Signs of air embolism

A

A patient with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies

34
Q

Signs of cardiac tamponade

A

Distended neck veins, hypotension, diminished heart sounds (Beck triad). Pulsus paradoxis

35
Q

Absent breath sounds, dullness to percussion, shock, flat neck veins

A

Massive hemothorax

36
Q

Absent breath sounds, tracheal deviation, shock, distended neck veins

A

Tension pneumothorax

37
Q

Treatment for blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma in hemodynamically unstable patients

A

Immediate exploratory laparotomy

38
Q

Elevated ICP in alcoholics or the elderly following head trauma. Can be acute or chronic, crescent shape on CT.

A

Subdural hematoma

39
Q

Head trauma with immediate loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval and then rapid deterioration. Convex shape on CT.

A

Epidural hematoma

FIrst Aid Rapid Review (17 decks)

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