Infectious Disease Flashcards
The three most common causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO)?
Infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease
Four signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis?
Fever, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough
A nonsuppurative complication of streptococcal infection that is not altered by treatment of primary infection
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
The most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis
Viral URI
Asplenic patients are particularly susceptible to these organisms
Encapsulated organisms - pneumococcus, meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella
The number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to diagnose a UTI
100,000 CFU/ml
Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs?
Pregnant women. Treat this group aggressively because of high risk of complications
A patient from California or Arizona presents with fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats. Diagnosis? Treatment?
Coccidioidimycosis; amphoterocin B
Non painful chancre
Primary syphilis
A “blueberry muffin” rash is characteristic of what congenital infection?
Rubella
Meningitis in neonates. Causes? Treatment?
Group B strep, E coli, Listera (ring the BEL for the newborn).
Treatment: gentamicin and ampicillin
Meningitis in infants (not neonates). Causes? Treatments?
Pneumococcus, meningococcus, H influenzae.
Treat with cefotaxime and vancomycin.
What should always be done prior to LP?
Check for elevated ICP; look for papilledema
CSF findings: Low glucose, PMN predominance
Bacterial meningitis
CSF findings: Normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance
Aseptic (viral) meningitis
CSF findings: Numerous RBCs that persist in serial CSF samples
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
CSF findings: elevated gamma globulins
MS
Initially presents with a pruritic papule with regional lymphadenopathy; evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days. Diagnosis? Treatment?
Cutaneous anthrax. Treat with penicillin G or ciprofloxacin
Findings in tertiary syphilis
Tabes dorsalis, general paresis, Argyll Robertson pupil, gummas, aortitis, aortic root aneurysm
Characteristics of secondary Lyme disease
Arthralgias, migratory polyopathies, Bell’s palsy, myocarditis
Cold agglutinins in infection
Mycoplasma (also mono and HIV)
24-year-old man presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat. Diagnosis? Workup? Treatment?
Diagnosis: Candidal thrush
Workup should include HIV test.
Treat with nystatin oral suspension.
At what CD4 count should Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV-positive patient? What medication?
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis?
PCP prophylaxis at CD4 <200 with TMP-SMX.
MAC prophylaxis at CD4 <50-100 with clarithromycin or azithromycin
Risk factors for pyelonephritis
Pregnancy, ventriculoureteral reflux, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones
Neutropenic nadir postchemotherapy (time)
7-10 days
Erythema migrans
Lesions of primary Lyme disease
Classical physical findings for endocarditis
Fever, heart murmur, Osler nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Roth spots
Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease
Parvovirus B19
Name the organism: branching rods in oral infection
Actinomyces israelii
Name the organism: weakly gram-positive, partially acid-fast in lung infection
Nocardia asteroides
Name the organism: painful chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi
Name the organism: dog or cate bite
Pasteurella multocida
Name the organism: gardener
Sporathrix schenckii
Name the organism: raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts
Trichinella spiralis
Name the organism: sheepherders an liver cysts
Echinococcus granulosus
Name the organism: perianal itching
Enterobius vermicularis
Name the organism: pregnant women with pets
Toxoplasma gondii
Name the organism: meningitis in adults
Neisseria meningitidis
Name the organism: meningitis in elderly
Streptotoccus pneumoniae
Name the organism: Meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients
Cryptococcus neoformans
Name the organism: alcoholic with pneumonia
Klebsiella
Name the organism: “currant jelly” sputum
Klebsiella
Name the organism: malignant otitis externa
Pseudomonas
Name the organism: infection in burn victims
Pseudomonas
Name the organism: osteomyelitis from a foot wound puncture
Pseudomonas
Name the organism: osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
Salmonella
A 55-year-old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms. Gram stain shows no organisms; silver stain of sputum shows gram-negative rods. What is the diagnosis?
Legionella pneumonia
A middle-aged man presents with acute-onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell’s palsy. What is the likely diagnosis, and how does he get it? Treatment?
Lyme disease; Ixodes tick; doxycycline
A patient develops endocarditis 3 weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve. What organism is suspected?
Staph aureus or Staph epidermidis
A patient develops endocarditis in a native valve after having a dental cleaning
Streptococcus viridans
