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FIrst Aid Rapid Review > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

The three most common causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO)?

A

Infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease

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2
Q

Four signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis?

A

Fever, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough

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3
Q

A nonsuppurative complication of streptococcal infection that is not altered by treatment of primary infection

A

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

The most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis

A

Viral URI

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5
Q

Asplenic patients are particularly susceptible to these organisms

A

Encapsulated organisms - pneumococcus, meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella

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6
Q

The number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to diagnose a UTI

A

100,000 CFU/ml

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7
Q

Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs?

A

Pregnant women. Treat this group aggressively because of high risk of complications

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8
Q

A patient from California or Arizona presents with fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

Coccidioidimycosis; amphoterocin B

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9
Q

Non painful chancre

A

Primary syphilis

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10
Q

A “blueberry muffin” rash is characteristic of what congenital infection?

A

Rubella

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11
Q

Meningitis in neonates. Causes? Treatment?

A

Group B strep, E coli, Listera (ring the BEL for the newborn).
Treatment: gentamicin and ampicillin

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12
Q

Meningitis in infants (not neonates). Causes? Treatments?

A

Pneumococcus, meningococcus, H influenzae.

Treat with cefotaxime and vancomycin.

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13
Q

What should always be done prior to LP?

A

Check for elevated ICP; look for papilledema

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14
Q

CSF findings: Low glucose, PMN predominance

A

Bacterial meningitis

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15
Q

CSF findings: Normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance

A

Aseptic (viral) meningitis

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16
Q

CSF findings: Numerous RBCs that persist in serial CSF samples

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

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17
Q

CSF findings: elevated gamma globulins

A

MS

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18
Q

Initially presents with a pruritic papule with regional lymphadenopathy; evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

Cutaneous anthrax. Treat with penicillin G or ciprofloxacin

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19
Q

Findings in tertiary syphilis

A

Tabes dorsalis, general paresis, Argyll Robertson pupil, gummas, aortitis, aortic root aneurysm

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20
Q

Characteristics of secondary Lyme disease

A

Arthralgias, migratory polyopathies, Bell’s palsy, myocarditis

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21
Q

Cold agglutinins in infection

A

Mycoplasma (also mono and HIV)

22
Q

24-year-old man presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat. Diagnosis? Workup? Treatment?

A

Diagnosis: Candidal thrush
Workup should include HIV test.
Treat with nystatin oral suspension.

23
Q

At what CD4 count should Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV-positive patient? What medication?
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis?

A

PCP prophylaxis at CD4 <200 with TMP-SMX.

MAC prophylaxis at CD4 <50-100 with clarithromycin or azithromycin

24
Q

Risk factors for pyelonephritis

A

Pregnancy, ventriculoureteral reflux, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones

25
Q

Neutropenic nadir postchemotherapy (time)

A

7-10 days

26
Q

Erythema migrans

A

Lesions of primary Lyme disease

27
Q

Classical physical findings for endocarditis

A

Fever, heart murmur, Osler nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Roth spots

28
Q

Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease

A

Parvovirus B19

29
Q

Name the organism: branching rods in oral infection

A

Actinomyces israelii

30
Q

Name the organism: weakly gram-positive, partially acid-fast in lung infection

A

Nocardia asteroides

31
Q

Name the organism: painful chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

32
Q

Name the organism: dog or cate bite

A

Pasteurella multocida

33
Q

Name the organism: gardener

A

Sporathrix schenckii

34
Q

Name the organism: raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts

A

Trichinella spiralis

35
Q

Name the organism: sheepherders an liver cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

36
Q

Name the organism: perianal itching

A

Enterobius vermicularis

37
Q

Name the organism: pregnant women with pets

A

Toxoplasma gondii

38
Q

Name the organism: meningitis in adults

A

Neisseria meningitidis

39
Q

Name the organism: meningitis in elderly

A

Streptotoccus pneumoniae

40
Q

Name the organism: Meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

41
Q

Name the organism: alcoholic with pneumonia

A

Klebsiella

42
Q

Name the organism: “currant jelly” sputum

A

Klebsiella

43
Q

Name the organism: malignant otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas

44
Q

Name the organism: infection in burn victims

A

Pseudomonas

45
Q

Name the organism: osteomyelitis from a foot wound puncture

A

Pseudomonas

46
Q

Name the organism: osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient

A

Salmonella

47
Q

A 55-year-old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms. Gram stain shows no organisms; silver stain of sputum shows gram-negative rods. What is the diagnosis?

A

Legionella pneumonia

48
Q

A middle-aged man presents with acute-onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell’s palsy. What is the likely diagnosis, and how does he get it? Treatment?

A

Lyme disease; Ixodes tick; doxycycline

49
Q

A patient develops endocarditis 3 weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve. What organism is suspected?

A

Staph aureus or Staph epidermidis

50
Q

A patient develops endocarditis in a native valve after having a dental cleaning

A

Streptococcus viridans

FIrst Aid Rapid Review (17 decks)

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